宫内和出生后早期发育环境对成年期糖代谢影响的中枢调控作用机制

Central neuroregulatory machanisms between early life environment and glucose metabolism in adulthood

目前有大量证据表明早期不良的发育环境对成年期增加代谢性疾病的易感性起着决定性的作用。另外,随着人们对中枢胰岛素抵抗的认识增加,中枢对调控外周葡萄糖稳态起着极其重要的作用,越来越多的研究表明这可能是一种表观遗传学机制。表观遗传学是研究在没有DNA序列变化的情况下,引起基因表达可遗传性的改变。它能特异性地调节相关组织的基因表达,从而诱导物质代谢长期的改变。本文着重探讨早期发育环境对成年期糖代谢影响的中枢调控作用的表观遗传学机制。

Traditionally it has been widely accepted that our genes together with adult lifestyle factors determine our risk of developing noncommunicable diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus ,cardiovascular disease and obesity in lat-er life.Currently, there is substantial evidence that the early life environment plays a key role in determining our suscepti -ble to such diseases in later life .As an increased focus on the understanding of central insulin resistance , central nerve sys-tem plays an extremely important role in regulating the peripheral glucose homeostasis .Substantial studies have indicated that it may be regulated by epigenetic mechanisms .Epigenetics can be defined as the study of heritable changes in gene ex-pression that do not involve alterations in the DNA sequence .Epigenetic processes play a central role in regulating tissue specific gene expression and hence alterations in these processes can induce long -term changes in gene expression and me-tabolism which persist throughout the lifecourse .This review will focus on the epigenetic machanisms of central neuroregula-tion between early life environment and glucose metabolism in adulthood .