载人航天器中固体废弃物处理技术的研究进展

Status and Progress of Solid Waste Disposal Techniques in Manned Spacecraft

随着航天技术的迅速发展,航天任务持续的时间越来越长,距离越来越远,补给发射费用最终将成为难以承受的巨额开支。因此,研发以物理化学及生物再生为主的固体废弃物处理与循环利用技术至关重要。本文综述了近年来国内外载人航天器中固体废弃物处理的研究进展,重点讨论了物理化学处理方法和生物处理方法,并分析了这些方法存在的主要问题,同时对我国载人航天中固体废弃物处理技术的发展趋势进行了展望。

With the rapid development of spaceflight technology,the duration of the space mission is becoming much longer and the distance much farther. In this case,the re-supply for the space mission can be quiet costly and even infeasible. Hence,it is quite necessary to investigate and develop physicochemical and biological approaches for solid waste disposal and recycling inside the manned spacecraft. This paper summarized recent research achievements and development of solid waste disposal techniques in manned spacecraft with emphasis on physicochemical and biological methods. The development trend of solid waste disposal in manned spacecraft of China is also prospected.