灌水量对‘绿岭’核桃光合生理生态指标和结实的影响

Effects of irrigation quantity on photosynthetic physiological and ecological indexes and fruiting of ‘Lvling' walnut

为了确定早实核桃适宜的灌水方法和灌水量,以10年生早实核桃‘绿岭’为试材,分别进行了30、40、50、60、70 kg/（株·次）5个水平的灌水处理。结果表明：雨季来临前各处理距树干0.5-1.5 m范围内的0-60 cm土层平均土壤含水量分别为9.82%、10.24%、10.41%、11.27%、11.58%,60 kg/（株·次）和70 kg/（株·次）灌水量处理极显著高于其它3个处理,50 kg/（株·次）处理显著高于30 kg/（株·次）处理;各处理中叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度和水分利用效率均以50 kg/（株·次）处理最大,蒸腾速率以50 kg/（株·次）处理和60 kg/（株·次）处理为最大;30 kg/（株·次）灌水量处理的胞间CO2浓度高于其它4个处理,但差异不显著;各处理的单株产量分别为2.43、2.89、3.4 4、3.22、3.03 kg,50 kg/（株·次）灌水量处理极显著高于30 kg/（株·次）处理,显著高于40 kg/（株·次）处理,50、60和70 kg/（株·次）处理间无显著差异;各处理的好果率分别为63.33%、62.65%、58.83%、52.78%、51.91%;各灌水处理的坚果单果质量、三径及三径平均值、横膈膜厚度、总蛋白含量及脂肪含量均无显著差异;各处理出仁率分别为65.35%、65.36%、65.68%、65.61%、67.08%,以70 kg/（株·次）处理最高,显著高于30 kg/（株·次）和40 kg/（株·次）处理;各处理壳厚依次为0.91、0.89、0.88、0.87、0.81 mm,70 kg/（株·次）处理显著低于60 kg/（株·次）处理,极显著低于其它3处理;各处理的缝合线高度分别为1.57、1.56、1.45、1.46、1.37 mm,70 kg/（株·次）处理极显著低于其它4个处理,50 kg/（株·次）和60 kg/（株·次）处理极显著低于30 kg/（株·次）和40 kg/（株·次）2个处理。

In order to fi nd out the suitable irrigation quantity and method of early-fruiting walnut, ten-year-old ‘Lvling＇walnut tree were used as trial materials, irrigation quantity treatments were set up fi ve levels of 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 kg water per plant at one time. The results showed that： before rainy season, the average water contents in 0-60 cm soil layer at 0.5-1.5 m distance from trunk in the fi ve treatments are 9.82%, 10.24%, 10.41%, 11.27%, 11.58%, respectively, the average water contents in the two treatments of irrigating 60 kg and 70 kg water per plant at one time are very signifi cant higher than those in the other 3 treatments, the average water con tent in the treatment of irrigating 50 kg water per plant at one time is signifi cant higher than that in the treatment of 30 kg water per plant at one time. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and water use effi ciency in the treatment of irrigating 5 0 kg water per plant at one time is the maximum, transpiration rates in the two treatments of irrigating 50 kg and 60 kg water per plant at one time are the maximum. The intercellular CO2 concentration in the treatment of irrigating 30 kg water per plant at one time is higher than the other four treatments, but the differences are not significant. The yields per tree in each treatment are 2.43, 2.89, 3.44, 3.22, 3.03 kg, respectively, the yield per tree in the treatment of irrigating 50 kg water per plant at one time is very significant higher than that in the treatment of irrigating 30 kg water per plant at one time, and it is significant higher than that in the treatment of irrigating 40 kg water per plant at one time, there are no significant differences among the treatments of irrigating 50, 60 and 70 kg water per plant at one time. the perfect fruit percentage in the five treatments are 63.33%, 62.65%, 58.83%, 52.78%, 51.91%, respectively. Nut mass, nut three diameters and their average, diaphragm thickness, total protein content and fat content in kernel have no significant differences among the five treatments. The kernel rates in the 5 treatments are 65.35%, 65.36%, 65.68%, 65.61%, 67.08%, that in the treatment of irrigating 70 kg water per plant at one time is the highest, and significant higher than those in the treatments of irrigating 30 kg and 40 kg water per plant at one time. The shell thickness in the five treatments are 0.91, 0.89, 0.88, 0.87, 0.81 ram, respectively, that in the treatment of irrigating 70 kg water per plant at one time is significant lower than that in the treatment of irrigating 60 kg water per plant at one time, and is very significant lower than those in the other three treatments. The suture line height in the five treatments are 1.57, 1.56, 1.45, 1.46, 1.37 mm, respectively, that in the treatment of irrigating 70 kg water per plant at one time is very significant lower than those in the other four treatments, those in the treatments of irrigating 50 kg and 60 kg water per plant at one time are very significant lower than those in the treatments of irrigating 30 kg and 40 kg water per plant at one time.