不同修剪措施对成龄‘绿岭’核桃抗腐烂病能力及树势的影响

Effects of different pruning methods on rot disease resistant and tree vigor of adult ‘Lvling' walnut

为探索早实核桃成龄树的最佳修剪方法,以10年生早实核桃‘绿岭’为试材,测定了重回缩、拉枝、既重回缩又拉枝和放任生长4种不同修剪方式下核桃树体腐烂病的发病率、病情指数、叶片的氮、磷、钾含量、叶片叶绿素含量和根系活力。结果表明:重回缩、拉枝、既重回缩又拉枝和放任生长4种修剪方式的腐烂病发病率分别为1.77%、1.50%、1.30%和1.87%,以放任生长处理的最高,既重回缩又拉枝处理最低;4种修剪方式的病情指数分别为0.27、0.27、0.20和0.32;叶片全氮含量分别为2.68%、2.29%、2.69%和2.09%,以重回缩和既重回缩又拉枝处理的最高,放任生长的最低;叶片叶绿素a的含量分别为2.52、2.61、2.90和2.11 mg·g-1;根系活力分别为201.53、224.29、246.69和179.08μg·g-1h-1。

In order to fi nd out an appropriate pruning method of adult precocious walnut trees, taking 10-year-old walnut trees of ‘Lvling＇ as materials, incidence rate, disease index, N, P, K and chlorophyll contents in leaves, root activity were determined under four pruning methods, including heavy cutting-back, bending branch, heavy cutting-back and bending branch, no-pruning. The results show that the incidence rates of rot disease under heavy cutting-back, bending branch, heavy cutting-back and bending branch, no-pruning are 1.77%, 1.50%, 1.30% and 1.87% respectively, and it is the highest in the no-pruning treatment, and the lowest in the heavy cutting-back and bending branch treatment. The disease indexes under the four pruning methods are 0.27,0.27,0.20 and 0.32, respectively. The total N contents in leaf are 2.68%, 2.29%, 2.69% and 2.09%, respectively, it is the highest in the heavy cutting-back treatment and the heavy cutting-back and bending branch treatment, and the lowest in the no-pruning treatment. The chlorophyll a contents in leaf are 2.52, 2.61, 2.90 and 2.11 mg·g^-1, respectively. The root activities are 201.53, 224.29, 246.69 and179.08 μg·g^-1h^-1.