果园地面覆盖对库尔勒香梨生长与结果的影响

Influences of covering orchard ground on growth and fruiting of Korla fragrant pear

为了探明不同土壤对库尔勒香梨生长发育、果实产量及品质的影响,以提高库尔勒香梨的生产效率,通过采用不同覆盖材料覆盖果园土壤,测定了香梨树新梢生长量、果实产量和品质,分析了生草、覆草、地膜、遮阳网、无纺布等不同覆盖材料对香梨树生长和结果的影响。结果显示:与清耕相比,各处理均极显著提高了叶片质量、产量和脱萼果率。生草极显著提高叶片叶绿素含量;覆草加快了新梢的生长,覆网和覆布减缓了新梢的生长;覆网能显著降低单果质量;各处理均提高了大果比率但均不同程度降低了可溶性固形物和总糖的含量;覆草极显著提高了可滴定酸含量;除覆草外其它处理均降低了维生素C的含量;覆网和覆草极显著提高了果实硬度。综上所述,不同土壤覆盖均极显著地提高了叶片质量,有效地改善了果实的外观品质,特别是能显著提高果实产量。不同覆盖处理对提高产量的影响从大到小依次为:生草、覆布、覆网、覆草、覆膜、清耕,但覆盖处理果实的内在品质略有降低。

In order to find out influences of different ground covering materials on growth and development, fruit yield and quality of Korla fragrant pear, and to improve production efficiency of Korla fragrant pear, taking sod, covering grass, mulching film, sun-shade net and non-woven fabrics as covering materials, new shoot increment, fruit yield and quality were determined, and infl uence of different cover materials on growth and fruiting of Korla fragrant pear were analyzed. The result show that compared with weed cleaning, the treatments very signifi cantly improve leaf mass, yield and rate of fruit without calyxes. Sod covering very signifi cantly improves chlorophyll content, covering grass accelerates growth of new shoots, while covering sunshade net and non-woven fabrics slow down growth of new shoots. Covering sun-shade net signifi cantly reduces single fruit mass. All treatments can improve rate of big fruits, but reduce contents of soluble solids and total sugar at different degrees. Covering grass very significantly improves titratable acid content. Except covering grass, the treatments reduce vitamin C content. Covering sun-shade net and grass very signifi cantly enhance fruit hardness. In a word, all ground covering treatments very signifi cantly improve leaf mass, and effectively improve appearance quality of fruit, especially fruit yield is increased signifi cantly. Based on effects from high to low, the order is sod covering, non-woven fabrics covering, sun-shade net covering, grass covering, film covering, weed cleaning. But internal quality of fruit was decreased slightly.