采前不同浓度钙喷施对‘沪油’018贮藏品质的影响

Effects of different concentrations of pre-harvest spraying calcium on storage quality of fruits in ‘Huyou' 018

为了探讨采前喷钙对桃果实硬度、糖度、腐烂率等品质指标的影响情况,于果实采收之前以浓度分别为0.05%、0.10%、0.20%和0.30%的钙Ca（NO3）2钙喷施‘沪油’018树体（树冠及果实）,以不作任何处理的树体果实作为对照（CK）,将不同浓度钙处理的果实放置在温度为（0±0.5）℃、相对湿度为80%-85%的冷库中贮藏,就采前不同浓度的钙处理对采摘时和贮藏期间果实品质的影响情况进行了试验。结果表明：适量喷钙处理可显著提高采收时的果实硬度、可滴定酸、可溶性蛋白含量和果实表面亮度,但对其总糖含量却无显著性影响;在整个冷藏期间,采前适宜浓度的钙处理可显著抑制果实的软化及其可滴定酸含量的降低,能缓解因糖酸比急剧上升而导致的果实原有风味的失调;显著降低了贮藏期间果实的腐烂率,增强了贮藏期间果实的蛋白合成能力,并保持了果皮原有的色泽,有效延缓了果实衰老进程。试验结果表明：从5月27日（盛花期后第55天）起每隔5天对整个树体（树冠及果实）喷施浓度为0.10%的Ca（NO3）2,共计喷施5次,可使果实贮藏期延长至30 d,果实腐烂率降低至5%以下,且能较好地保持果实原有的风味和品质。

In order to discuss the effects of pre-harvest spraying calcium on quality indexes of peach fruits, ‘Huyou＇ 018 trees were sprayed with 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% of Ca（NO3）2 solutions before fruits were harvested, taking the trees without any treatments as CK, the treated fruits were stored at the conditions of（0±0.5）℃ and relative humidity 65%-75%, and the effect of different pre-harvest spraying calcium concentrations on fruit quality during harvest and storage were researched. The results show that the moderate concentration of calcium can significantly improve fruit firmness, titratable acid content, soluble protein content and surface brightness during harvest, but has no significant effects on total sugar content. During low-temperature storage, the suitable concentration of calcium can significantly restrain fruit softening and declining of titratable acid content, can relieve fruit flavor disorder due to sharp rising of sugar-acid ratio, can decrease rotting rate of fruits, can strengthen protein synthesis ability and peel color, and can delay the senescence of fruits. From may 27（the 55 th day after full bloom）, praying 0.1% Ca（NO3）2 for every 5 day, a total of five sprays, can prolong storage period to 30 days, hold rotting rate of fruit below 5%, and better keep original fruit flavor and quality.