‘胡安娜’系列杏品种种子特征及其成苗特性

Seed and seedling characteristics of ‘Huanna' series of apricot

为了解同系列杏品种实生繁殖特性差异,为新品种选育提供依据,选取‘胡安娜’系列11个品种,测定种子形态特征、发芽率、播种出苗率、成苗率及幼苗的生长动态,分析各品种之间种子形态特征与成苗特性的差异。结果表明:‘胡安娜’系列各品种的种子核侧径、仁侧径、仁横径之间的差异明显,但核横径、核纵径、核质量、壳厚、仁质量、仁纵径、出仁率间的差异较小,其中种壳较薄、出仁率较高的是‘赛来克胡安娜’、‘卡尔胡安娜’、‘卡巴克胡安娜’。种子层积60 d后有3个品种发芽率大于60%,发芽率最高的为‘赛来克胡安娜’,‘安江胡安娜’发芽率为0。播种成苗率较高的是‘卡尔胡安娜’和‘卡巴克胡安娜’。‘卡尔胡安娜’种子的出土时间较早,且出苗整齐。在‘卡尔胡安娜’、‘卡巴克胡安娜’、‘卡拉胡安娜’、‘赛来克胡安娜’、‘晚熟胡安娜’、‘穷胡安娜’、‘黄胡安娜’、‘胡安娜’8个成苗杏品种中,以‘卡尔胡安娜’生长势较强,‘晚熟胡安娜’生长势较弱。‘胡安娜’系列的11个不同品种间种子形态特征差异较大;种子总体呈倒卵圆形或椭圆形,核表面粗糙,仁甜;发芽率、出苗率、成苗率之间差异也较大,同时,发芽率高的品种成苗率也高;不同品种种子实生幼苗的生长存在差异。

In order to learn differences of seedling propagation characteristics of same series of apricot, and to provide a basis for new variety breeding, taking 11 varieties of ‘Huanna＇ series as materials, morphological characteristics of seed, germination rate, seedling emergence rate, seedling rate and growth dynamic of seedling were determined, differences of seed morphological characteristic and seedling characteristic among varieties were analyzed. The results show that nutlet and kernel side diameters, kernel transverse diameter of the varieties of ‘Huanna＇ series have obvious differences, but there are little difference among nutlet transverse diameter, nutlet longitudinal diameter, nutlet mass, shell thickness, kernel mass, kernel longitudinal diameter and kernel percentage. The varieties of ‘Sailaikehuanna＇, ‘Kaerhuanna＇, ‘Kabakehuanna＇ have thinner seed shell and higher kernel percentage. Germination rates of three varieties are higher than 60% among the 11 varieties after stratifi ed 60 days, ‘Sailaikehuanna＇ has the highest germination rate, and germination rate of ‘Anjianghuanna＇ is zero. ‘Kaerhuanna＇ and ‘Kabakehuanna＇ have higher seedling rates. The seeds in ‘Kaerhuanna＇ germinate early and the seedlings come out evenly. The growth vigor of ‘Kaerhuanna＇ is stronger and that of ‘Wanshuhuanna＇ is weaker in the seedlings of the eight apricot varieties of ‘Kaerhuanna＇, ‘Kabakehuanna＇, ‘Kalahuanna＇,‘Sailaikehuanna＇, ‘Wanshuhuanna＇, ‘Qionghuanna＇, ‘Huanghuanna＇ and ‘Huanna＇. The seeds of 11 apricot varieties of ‘Huanna＇ are obovate or oval shape, nutlets have rough surfaces, and kernels are sweet. Seed morphological characteristics, seed germination rates, seedling emergence rates, seedling rates have obviously differences among varieties. Meanwhile, higher germination percentage and higher seedling rate. Growth status of seedlings among varieties are different.