水肥条件对设施红地球葡萄病害的影响

Infl uences of water and fertilizer conditions on Red Globe Grape diseases in greenhouse

为了有效预防设施葡萄病害的发生,运用三元二次通用正交旋转组合设计研究灌水量、施氮量、施磷量对设施红地球葡萄病害的影响,并建立相应的数学模型。结果表明:磷肥和灌水量对白粉病无影响,氮肥对白粉病发病率有较大影响,当氮肥施用量过高或过低时白粉病发病率增高,当施用量接近161 kg·hm-2时发病率最低,为7.55%。氮肥和磷肥对灰霉病发病率无影响,灌水量对灰霉病发病率有较大影响,在试验设计的范围内,灰霉病的发病率随着灌水量增大而升高,灌水量对红地球葡萄灰霉病发病指数的影响比氮磷肥施用量的影响大,可以通过适当调节灌水量来控制灰霉病发病率和发病指数。

In order to effectively prevent happening of grape diseases in plastic greenhouse, influences of irrigation quantity, N and P application quantities on disease in Red Globel Grape were studied by using the general orthogonal rotational combination design of ternary quadratic forms, and some corresponding mathematical models were established. The results show that P application quantity and irrigation quantity have no influence on powdery mildew, except N application quantity. When N application quantity is close to 161 kg·hm^- 2, incidence rate of powdery mildew is the lowest, only 7.55%, and it will be increased with N application quantity increased or decreased. N and P application quantities have no influence on incidence of Botrytis cinerea, except irrigation quantity. When irrigation quantity is increased in the scope of design, incidence rate of B. cinerea will also be increased. Infl uence of irrigation quantity on disease index of B. cinerea is bigger than N and P application quantities, so incidence rate and disease index of B. cinereacan be controlled through regulating appropriate irrigation quantity.