湖南不同板栗品种结实性研究初报

Preliminary study on bearing characteristics of different chestnut varieties in Hunan

为了加快板栗良种的选育进程,了解湖南各地选育板栗良种的结实特性,将湖南省各地区选育出的板栗品种1-11号与湖南本地推广板栗良种铁粒头（作为对照CK）进行了品比试验,并就树体冠幅面积、单株果实个数、单位冠幅面积果实个数、单株产量、单株栗苞产量、单株坚果产量、出实率及板栗果实各项生长指标间的相关性进行了调查、观测与分析。结果表明：板栗品种5、7、9、11号在单位冠幅面积果实个数、单株果实产量及结实性等方面的表现均比CK突出,尤其是板栗品种7号,可作为下一步良种选育的研究对象;在板栗果实各项生长指标中,栗果长与栗果宽存在显著正相关,与栗果高存在极显著正相关,而栗果宽与坚果皮厚存在负相关;坚果长与坚果宽和坚果高均存在极显著的正相关,坚果宽与坚果皮厚存在负相关;平均单株产量与单株栗苞质量和单株坚果质量均存在极显著的正相关,而板栗果实的出实率与树体冠幅面积存在极显著的相关性。文中因此认为,合理控制冠幅,不仅可以提高单株产量,还可以提高板栗果实的出实率。

In order to speed up process of chestnut breeding, and understand bearing characteristics, a varieties comparative test was carried out, taking No.1-11 varieties from different areas in Hunan and a local variety（CK） as materials, some indexes and their correlation analysis were investigated, observed and analyzed, including crown area, fruit number per plant, fruit number unit crown area, yield per plant, chestnut bud yield per plant, nut yield per plant, kernel rate. The results show that No.5, No.7, No.9 and No.11 varieties are superior to CK in terms of fruit number unit crown area, yield per plant and bearing characteristics, and performance of No.7 is the best and can be taken as the subject of the next improved varieties breeding. In the chestnut fruit growth indexes, fruit length has signifi cantly positive relationship with fruit width and highly signifi cantly positive relationship with fruit height, but f ruit width has negative relationship with nut skin thickness; nut length has highly signifi cantly positive relationship with nut width and nut height, and nut width has negative relationship with nut skin thickness; average yield per plant has highly signifi cantly positive relationship with chestnut bud mass per plant and nut mass per plant, but kernel rate has highly signifi cantly positive relationship with crown area. Thus reasonably controlling crown area can not only increase yield per plant, but also improve kernel rate of chestnut.