北京历史文化街区保护方法研究

Analysis on the Protection Methods of Beijing Historical and Cultural Blocks

目前学术界对历史文化街区的定义虽然存在一些分歧,但历史文化街区的特质性内涵却是相对一致的:具有一定规模的历史遗存和完整的历史风貌;具有延续的社会结构和功能结构。北京历史文化街区共有43片,主要分布在旧城,少量分布在远郊。当前街区的主要保护方法有三种:严格保留街区原貌;保护整治为主,适当更新改造;更新改造为主,保护整治为辅。北京历史文化街区保护存在着整体性破坏、环境条件落后、管理制度不健全等主要问题。就保护而言,北京应该在规划、法规、资金来源、管理等方面制定相关对策,同时还需借鉴国外经验,根据街区实际情况选择适宜的保护方式。

Although there are some different understandings on the definition of historical and cultural blocks in academic circles at present, historical and cultural blocks have some traits of being provided with a certain amount of historical relics and a complete historical feature, with lasting social structure and function structure. The number of historical and cultural blocks in Beijing is 43. They are mainly distributed in the Old City, and a small amount of them are mainly distributed in the suburb districts. There are three kinds of protection methods at present, including strict preservation, primary protecting and feasible renovation, primary renovation and secondary protection. There are also such issues as whole destruction, backward environment, defective management system. Beijing should not only develop some related countermeasures from the aspects of planning, legislation, funds sources and management, but also need to learn from foreigncountries and choose suitable protection modes according to actual situation of blocks.