《傲慢与偏见》与卢梭的自然主义女性观

《the Pride and Prejudice》and Rousseau's Female Concept on Naturalism

卢梭是十八世纪欧洲启蒙运动时期杰出的思想家和哲学家,他的女性观的基础是他的自然观。卢梭认为,女性在社会中的角色不是由社会和经济原因决定的,而是她们天生应当如此,这是大自然的杰作。同时,卢梭在父权制下提出了天赋人权、男女平等的思想,超越了当时的社会现实,他的女性观的影响巨大,任何时代探讨女性的作品都与他的女性观脱不了干系。英国女作家简.奥斯汀生活在十八世纪末十九世纪初,深受启蒙思想的影响,《傲慢与偏见》中塑造的伊丽莎白仪态自然大方,身体灵巧健康,精神上追求平等的爱情观,超越了所处时代的其他女性,揭示了卢梭女性思想对作者的影响,表露了简.奥斯汀对卢梭女性观的赞同。

Rousseau was a brilliant thinker and philosopher of the Enlightenment Movement in the 18th cen-tury. His female concept was based on his natural philosophy. Rousseau claimed the role of women was rooted in nature more than in society or economics. And this ought to be considered a gift from nature. Meanwhile, Rousseau’s suggestion on the equality of men and women under the paternity went beyond the social reality. Jane Austin was an outstanding novelist in the late 18th and early 19th century and was deeply influenced by the Enlightenment Movement. The heroin, Elizabeth in“the Pride and Prejudice”, was a healthy, natural and reasonable young woman, who pursued the equality with the men in marriage. Elizabeth was an ideal woman whose ideas were beyond the other women’s around her, on which the influence of Rousseau’s female view was obvious.