基于时空观测样本的水库库区小气候效应分析——以福建省大型水库为例

Analysis on Microclimate Effects of Reservoirs Based on Spatial-temporal Observation Samples——A Case Study of Large-sized Reservoirs in Fujian Province

以福建省12个大型水库的14个小气候同步观测时空样本中4种常用气象指标为例,分析水库大坝建设产生的小气候效应,得到以下结论:水库产生的小气候效应的确存在,但总体幅度较小.在夏季的白天,库区平均气温比周边地区低将近0.10℃,气压比周边地区高258 Pa,相对湿度比周边地区低2.28%,风速比周边地区低0.06 m·s-1.水库对小气候指标的影响随着时间变化而变化的趋势明显.在夏季白天温度最高时(下午2点到3点左右),库区气温、气压低于周边地区气温和气压,库区相对湿度和风速与周边地区相对湿度和风速基本接近;而在早上和傍晚,库区气温、气压都高于周边地区的气温和气压,库区相对湿度低于周边地区的相对湿度;对于风速而言,在白天达到最高温度之前,库区风速低于周边地区风速,到达最高温度之后,库区风速开始高于周边地区风速.

In this study, 4 climate indexes of 14 synchronous observations from 12 large-sized reservoirs in Fujian province were taken as an example to analyze macroclimate effects of reservoirs. The following conclusions were drawn： Reservoirs really affected microclimate but overall amplitude of change was small. In daytime of summer, mean air temperature in reservoir area was 0. 10 degrees centigrade lower than in its surrounding area, and atmospheric pressure 258 Pa higher, relative humidity 2.25 percent lower, wind speed 0.06 m · s-1 lower. Effects of reservoirs on microclimate changed obviously with time in a day. In daytime of summer, when temperature reached a maximum in a day （2 - 3 p. m. ）, both air temperature and atmospheric pressure in reservoir area were lower than in its surrounding area, but relative humidity and wind speed in reservoir area were close to those in its surrounding area; However, in morning or evening, both air temperature and atmospheric pressure in reservoir area were higher than in its surrounding area, but relative humidity in reservoir area was lower than in its surrounding area. Wind speed in reservoir area was lower than in its surrounding area before temperature reached a maximum in a day, and it began to become higher after temperature reached a maximum.