远缘杂交后代转育的小麦抗源材料抗病及抗旱性研究

Disease resistance and drought tolerance of wheat resistant sources derived from wide hybridization

郑麦9023和豫麦66分别与野生二粒小麦和野燕麦远缘杂交后代进行杂交和回交,经过7代筛选、鉴定,获得了20个抗病性和农艺性状稳定的高代系。在陕西杨凌设置条锈菌流行小种(CYR32和CYR33)病圃,在甘肃天水设置自然发病圃对筛选的小麦高代系进行异地抗病性鉴定,同时对其进行分小种CYR32、CYR33、CYR31和CH42苗期鉴定;分别选用Yr5、Yr9、Yr10、Yr15、Yr17、Yr18和Yr26等7个已知抗条锈病基因的分子标记进行基因检测;对高代系进行萌发干旱胁迫试验,从而对其抗旱性进行评价;并调查其农艺性状并进行评价。抗病、抗旱和农艺性状调查结果显示:参试的20个高代系中,符合抗病耐旱且农艺性状较好,可用于作为抗源亲本的高代系有8个分别是郑野-2、郑野-3、郑野-6、豫野-1、豫野-2、豫野-4、豫野-5、豫野-6。研究结果表明,在抗病、耐旱综合性状优良育种目标指导下,将郑麦9023和豫麦66作为基因累加的库容,利用系谱选择法,结合育种分子标记检测辅助选择,可不断对品种郑麦9023和豫麦66进行改良与创新;并且可依次对其抗病性、抗旱性、成熟期等农艺性状基因及来源不同的优良基因进行累加转育。

Twenty wheat advanced lines with stable disease resistance and agronomic traits were obtained by crossing and backcrossing between Zhengmai 9023 and Yumai 66 and the stable distant hybridization from wide hybridization of wild emmer and wild oats,respectively,after screening and identification seven times .wheat advanced lines were evalu-ated for the presence resistance in a field with two types of disease nursery respectively：one is artificial nursery inoculat-ed with two prevalent races （CYR32 and CYR33）in Yangling,Shaanxi Province;the other is a natural infection of Pst in Tianshui,Gansu Province .Meanwhile,the seedlings of the cultivars were inoculated with the four races CYR32, CYR33,CYR3 1 and CH42 in the greenhouse,respectively .The resistance genes were postulated using molecular mark-ers for Yr5,Yr9,Yr10,Yr15,Yr17,Yr18 and Yr26 in combination with resistance spectra.Germination drought stress experiment of wheat advanced lines was used to evaluate its drought resistance .The agronomic traits were investi-gated and evaluated .The results of disease resistance,drought resistance and agronomic characteristics showed that：Zhengye-2,Zhengye-3,Zhengye-6,Yuye-1,Yuye-2,Yuye-4,Yuye-5,Yuye-6 were the 8 of 20 wheat advanced lines in the experiment with good disease resistance,drought resistance and comprehensive characters,and could be used as parent resistance material .The results suggest that under the guidance of good disease resistance, drought tolerance and synthetical properties breeding goal,Zhengmai 9023 and Yumai 66 were used as gene accumulation capacity,combining pedigree selection method with molecular markers to assist selection breeding,in order to improve and innovate variety Zhengmai 9023 and Yumai 66 .