种植密度对小麦群体质量叶绿素荧光参数和产量的影响

Effect of planting density on population quality,chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and yield of wheat

为进一步改善小麦群体质量，研究了不同密度下皖麦52和烟农19主要生理指标及产量间的差异。结果表明：烟农19的叶面积指数在基本苗120×104株·hm-2（M1）和210×104株·hm-2（M2）下高于皖麦52，而在300×104株·hm-2（M3）和390×104株·hm-2（M4）下低于皖麦52；皖麦52和烟农19各生育期的叶绿素含量及灌浆期的各叶绿素荧光参数（Fo、Fm、Fv/Fm、qP、ETR和ΦpsI ）皆随种植密度的增加而降低，且同一密度下两品种间的差异皆不显著；皖麦52和烟农19的产量随种植密度的增加呈现先增加后下降的趋势，在M1和M2下，烟农19的产量高于皖麦52，分别增加了13．4％和2．4％，在M3和M4下，皖麦52的产量高于烟农19，分别增加了10．7％和1．0％；皖麦52和烟农19的经济系数随密度的增加而降低，两品种间存在一定差异，但同一密度下不显著；相关分析表明，小麦实际光化学效率（ΦpsI ）与单茎干物重、叶绿素含量呈直线正相关关系，叶面积指数与单茎干物重呈直线负相关关系，与产量呈二次抛物线的关系。研究得出，烟农19的高产适宜密度为基本苗120万～210万株·hm-2，皖麦52为210万～300万株·hm-2。

To further improve the wheat population quality,the differences in main physiological indexes and yield of Wanmai 52 and Yannong 19 under different planting densities were investigated .The results showed that the leaf area index of Yannong 19 was higher than that of Wanmai 52 under basic seedling 120 ×104 plant·hm-2（M1）and 210 ×104 plant·hm-2（M2）,while was lower than that of Wanmai 52 under 300 ×104 plant·hm-2 （M3）and 390 ×104 plant· hm-2（M4）.The chlorophyll content at each growth stage and each chlorophyll fluorescence parameter （Fo、Fm、Fv/Fm、qP、ETR andΦpsII）at filling stage of Wanmai 52 and Yannong 19 were decreased with the increasing of planting density,and the difference between the two wheat varieties was insignificant under the same planting density .The yield of Wanmai 52 and Yannong 19 had a change trend of first increased and then decreased with the increasing of planting density,the yield of Yannong 19 was higher than that of Wanmai 52 under M1 and M2,and increased by 13 .4%and 2 . 4%respectively,while under M3 and M4,the yield of Wanmai 52 was higher than that of Yannong 19,and increased by 10 .7%and 1 .0%respectively .The economic coefficient of Wanmai 52 and Yannong 19 was decreased with the in-creasing of planting density,and there were some differences between the two varieties,but under the same planting den-sity was insignificant .Correlation analysis revealed that the actual photochemical efficiency （ΦpsII）of wheat leaves were positively correlated to dry matter weight per stem,chlorophyll content with the shape of a straight line;the leaf area in-dex was negatively correlated to dry matter weight per stem with the shape of a straight line,and had a parabolic relation-ship with yield .All the findings demonstrated that the suitable planting density of Yannong 19 was the basic seedling 120 ×104~210 ×104 plant·hm-2,and Wanmai 52 was 210 ×104~300 ×104 plant·hm-2 .