番茄育苗基质理化特性及其对幼苗生长影响研究

Study on physical and chemical characteristics of compound substrate and effects on the growth of tomato seedling

将腐熟的菇渣、发酵牛粪和珍珠岩混配形成不同体积比的5种复合基质,以传统的优势配方(草炭∶珍珠岩=2∶1)为对照,以番茄品种"西农2011"为试材,分析了不同配方复合基质的理化性质及其对番茄幼苗生长的影响;同时以复合基质的理化性质为自变量,以番茄幼苗的壮苗指数为因变量进行了多元回归分析和通径分析,最后对初步筛选的最优配方进行再优化试验。结果表明:优化配方菇渣∶牛粪∶珍珠岩=3∶3∶4处理的番茄幼苗质量显著优于对照以及初步筛选的最优配方菇渣∶牛粪∶珍珠岩=4∶2∶4;容重、总孔隙度、通气孔隙、持水力是影响壮苗指数的主要因子,其中通气孔隙对壮苗指数的直接通径系数达到2.2992,而其他因素对壮苗指数的作用是负向的。因此,适量增大复合基质的通气孔隙,降低容重、总孔隙度以及持水力有利于番茄壮苗培育,在本研究中可以通过减少菇渣用量和增加牛粪用量来实现这一目的。

Spent mushroom compost,cow dung and perlite were composed to five kinds of compound substrate,tak-ing internationally best formula substrate （peat∶perlite=2∶1）as CK and tomato cv .Xinong No .201 1 as the test plant, the physical and chemical characteristics of compound substrate and growth of tomato seedling were investigated and the physical and chemical characteristics of substrate and seedling index of tomato was carried out path analysis and multiple regression analysis,moreover,we optimized the formula that was preliminary screened by test .This study indicated that the morphological trait,dry matter,root-shoot ratio and seedling index of optimizing formulating（spent mush∶cow dung∶perlite=3∶3∶4）are significantly higher than CK and preliminary optimum formula;the main factors of affecting the seedling index of tomato seedling were bulk density,total porosity,aeration porosity and water holding capacity,the di-rect path coefficient of aeration porosity on tomato seedling is 2 .2992,and influence of other factors on seedling index was negative .Incresing aeration porosity of compound substrate and decreasing bulk density,total porosity and water holding capacity are benefit the breeding of healthy tomato seedling .In order to produce good seedlings we can increase the dosage of cow dung and decrease the dosage of mushroom compost in this study .