滨海盐碱地“台田-浅池”改良措施的研究进展

Research progress of improving measures of “raised field-shallow pool” for coastal saline-alkaline land

滨海盐碱地是我国一类重要的土地资源,但其特殊的土壤理化性质严重制约植物的生长。长期以来,国内外学者已对我国滨海盐碱土的理化性质和水盐运动进行了深入研究,并据此提出了相应而有效的滨海盐碱土物理、化学、生物方面的改良措施。近年来,"台田-浅池"型综合土地利用模式(挖土成池,筑土为台,台田种植,浅池养殖)是我国一种新型的滨海盐碱地综合改良模式,它集合了国内外优秀的滨海盐碱地改良方法,并创新性的将新型水资源——海冰水应用在滨海盐碱地的改良利用中,目前已经在土地利用变化和优化配置、台田修筑、盐碱地改良、土壤水盐运动、海冰水灌溉、作物种植、耐盐植物筛选、咸淡水混合养殖等多方面进行了综合利用试验,并在降低土壤盐度,增强土壤肥力,提高作物产量,增加经济效益等方面取得了良好的效果。未来,提高土壤肥力、选择适宜作物品种、使用风能太阳能等清洁能源、协调生态发展、实现滨海盐碱地可持续利用是"台田-浅池"综合利用模式研究的新方向。

Coastal saline-alkaline land is an important resource in our country,but the growth of plants was restrict-ed by the special physical and chemical properties seriously .The researchers at home and abroad have done many deeply researches in physical and chemical properties and water movement of coastal saline-alkaline soil for a long time,and proposed some appropriate and effective improvement measures .In recent years,“raised field-shallow pond”pattern is a new method of coastal saline-alkaline land improvement,which has collected excellent saline improved methods at home and abroad .The utilization of sea ice water in“raised field-shallow pond”pattern is a distinctive feature in coastal saline improvement .Until now,the main study content include many kinds of comprehensive utilization test,such as land use change and optimizes configuration,field construction,improvement of saline-alkali soil,water and salt movement,sea ice water irrigation,crop planting,salt-tolerant plants screening and so on .It has been achieved good results in soil salinity,soil fertility,crop yields and economic efficiency .In the future,there are still many researches needed to ex-plore the content and new direction of“raised field -shallow pond”pattern,such as improvement of soil fertility,the right crop varieties chosen,the utilization of clean energy sources,ecological development,and the sustainable develop-ment of coastal saline-alkaline land .