白色单冠来航鸡肠黏膜发育的组织形态学研究

Histomorphological Study on Development of Intestinal Mucosa in White Single-crown Leghorn Chicken

运用常规组织学研究方法对鸡不同生长阶段肠道形态发育的特点进行了详细观察。结果发现鸡的十二指肠和空肠肠壁中,黏膜肌层和黏膜下层很不明显,致使黏膜和黏膜下层、黏膜下层和肌层分界均不明显,且黏膜肌层往往不连续成层;至回肠和盲肠,黏膜下层和肌层分界逐渐明显,可见黏膜肌连续成层;十二指肠的黏膜下层无十二指肠腺分布,整段肠道的绒毛中轴也没有中央乳糜管。其中各段特点如下:随日龄增加,十二指肠绒毛的长度逐渐伸长,分支逐渐明显;空肠绒毛逐渐密集、呈锥形,分支逐渐明显,淋巴孤结出现并逐渐增多;回肠和盲肠绒毛多呈稀疏的粗段结构,分支少;各肠段的黏膜上皮内淋巴细胞和固有层内淋巴细胞数量也逐渐增多,淋巴集结出现并逐渐增多;在十二指肠、空肠和盲肠扁桃体中都出现程度不一的"腔排"现象。

The characteristics of morphological development of intestinal tract in different growth stage of chicken were observed by common histological method. The results showed that the muscular layer and submucosa of intestinal wall in the duodenum and jejunum were not obvious,which led to the dividing lines between mucous membrane and submucosa, submucosa and muscular layer were not obvious, and muscular layer displayed discontinuity; In the ileum and cecum, the dividing line between submucosa and muscular layer was obvious gradually, and muscular layer was continuous; There was not distribution of duodenal glands in submucosa of the duodenum, and there wasn＇t central lacteal in the villus central axis of intestinal tract. The characteristics of each segment were as follows： As the age increasing,the length of villus in the duodenum was elongated and branched; Villus in the jejunum was concentrated, displayed taper and branched obviously, and noduli lymphatici solitarii began to appear and increased gradually; Villus in the ileum and cecum displayed scanty thick segment structure and branched decreasingly; Quantities of lymphocyte in epithelium mucosae and lamina propria increased gradually, and aggregate lymphatic nodule began to appear and increased gradually; The phenomenon of ＂Cavity platoon＂ appeared in the duodenum,jejunum and cecal tonsil at the different extent.