液体酸烷基化技术进展

Advances in liquid acid alkylation technologies

介绍了氢氟酸烷基化、硫酸烷基化和离子液体烷基化等液体酸烷基化技术的研究现状,概述了世界主要液体酸烷基化技术供应商的技术创新和工艺改进。氢氟酸烷基化技术因催化剂是易挥发性剧毒物质,工艺改进主要侧重于工艺安全及减灾设备;硫酸烷基化工艺在低温下反应利于生产高辛烷值的烷基化油,该技术的工艺改进主要侧重于强化低温下的传质及反应热的及时移除;离子液体烷基化工艺催化剂的催化性能优于氢氟酸与硫酸,且对设备腐蚀小,对环境危害小,但是选择性和产率较低,其研发工作注重于开发高选择性及高产率的离子液体。烷基化油是高辛烷值汽油理想的调和组分,我国的地方炼厂出现烷基化热,投建的多为硫酸烷基化项目。但硫酸烷基化同样存在环境风险,已实现首次工业应用的离子液体法将迎来广阔的发展机遇。

Advances in liquid acid alkylation technologies,including hydrofluoric acid alkylation,sulfuric acid alkylation and ionic liquid alkylation are presented.Innovated technologies and improved processes patented by liquid acid alkylation technology licensers around the world are summarized.Hydrofluoric acid alkylation process improvements focus on safety and mitigation measurements,since the volatile catalyst is highly toxic.Sulfuric acid alkylation operating at a low temperature is favorable for the yield of high octane number alkylate,so the research is oriented to mass transfer enhancement and reaction heat removal at a low temperature.Ionic liquid exerts better catalysis performance compared to hydrofluoric acid or sulfuric acid and has little equipment corrosion and low environment risk,however,the selectivity and yield to alkylate are not satisfactory.Alkylate is considered as the ideal blending component for high octane gasoline.Thus,there appears to be a alkylation “fever” in local refineries,mainly based on the sulfuric acid alkylation technology.However,ionic liquid alkylation technology will have extensive development opportunity after successful industrial application,since sulfuric acid has inevitable threat to environment.