非水相固定化生物催化的研究进展

Immobilized biocatalysis in nonaqueous media

非水相固定化生物催化技术有效拓宽了生物催化过程研究的应用范围。本文分别介绍了水-有机溶剂两相以及离子液体、超临界流体、质子惰性有机溶剂和深低共熔溶剂等新型非水相介质以及无机和高分子载体及无载体固定化技术在生物催化研究中的应用进展。展现了各种非水相介质与固定化技术对底物溶解度、酶的稳定性及产物产量等性能的促进作用,体现了其对酶活及生物催化反应的选择性等方面的不利影响,而且突出显示了非水相介质与固定化技术的结合是提高酶和微生物的活性、稳定性与选择性等性能的一个有效手段,再通过生物反应器的选择或设计以及工艺优化,有助于一些生物催化过程更高效地实现工业化。

Immobilized biocatalysis in nonaqueous media has effectively enlarged the application area of biocatalysis process.The progress of biocatalysis was introduced based on nonaqueous media,including aqueous solvent two phase,ionic liquid,supercritical fluid,aprotic solvent and deep eutectic solvent,together with inorganic,organic and carrier free immobilization technologies.Published papers have shown not only the improvement of substrate solubility,enzyme stability and productivity,but also the adverse effect on the activity and selectivity of enzymes.Moreover,the combination of nonaqueous media and immobilization technologies might be an effective means to enhance the activity,stability,and selectivity of biocatalysts,which would contribute to more efficient commercialization of some biocatalysis technologies by choosing or designing the appropriate bioreactors and process optimization.