1987和2006两次全国残疾人抽样调查中的残疾筛查与评定的质量

Quality of Disability Screening and Assessment in the 1987 and 2006 National Sample Surveys on Disabilities

经国务院批准,中国于1987年和2006年分别组织了第一次和第二次全国残疾人抽样调查,科学合理的残疾筛查和评定方法是数据质量的重要保证。描述调查中的残疾筛查和评定方法的制定,并通过数据分析评估调查得到的残疾人相关数据的质量。两次调查在全国统一领导部署下如期顺利进行。专家们通过广泛深入的文献调研和现场试点制定科学合理符合我国国情并与国际接轨的残疾诊断和分级标准。经检验,2006年调查中《7岁以上人群残疾筛查问卷》的信度和效度均高于90%。全体调查员、医生、统计员经严格培训按全国统一标准、统一要求完成现场调查。事后质量核查证明数据质量达到预期标准,2006年调查残疾人漏报率为1.12‰;1987年调查残疾人数的差错率为1.16‰。两次调查中导致残疾的疾病和伤害的发生发展规律和流行特征与同时代文献记录相一致并符合时代发展特征,间接验证了两次调查中的残疾评定符合设计的质量要求。

Approved by the State Council,the First and the Second China National Sample Sur- veys on Disabilities were conducted in 1987 and 2006. Appropriate disability screening and as- sessment methods are important for quality control. The current report described the develop- ment of the disability screening and assessment methods and assessed the quality of the disabili- ty data. The two surveys were completed smoothly under the unified national leadership. In order to develop appropriate criteria for diagnosis of disabilities in Chinese population that consistent with international standards, experts of the field studied relative literatures and conducted sever- al pilot studies. Both the reliability and the validity of the Questionnaire for Disabilities among the Population Group of over 7 Years Old were greater than 90%. Well trained investigators, physicians and statisticians completed the onsite investigations. Post- survey quality check found that the false negative rates for disabilities in the first and the second surveys werel. 12%o andl. 16%v respectively. The survey data on epidemiology of disability related diseases and injuries were consistent with the literature reports. It suggested that the quality of the two national survey data had met the expected standards.