基于实测数据的全球波候研究

Study of Global Wave Climate Based on Observed Data

利用近20a(1993—2011年)卫星高度计的实测数据分析了年平均海浪的空间特征及海浪的多年变化趋势。研究结果表明:海浪的大值分布路径与风场的大值分布有明显的一致性,风场是影响海浪空间分布的重要因素。海浪在北太平洋有明显的减小趋势;在东北大西洋有弱的减小趋势,与此相反,西北大西洋的海浪有明显的增加趋势;海浪在印度洋、大西洋的低纬度区域及太平洋东岸的低纬度区域有弱的增加趋势;在30°S～45°S的南太平洋区域增加趋势较强。

Based on the data measured with satellite altimeter in the years from 1993 to 2011, the annual average spatial characteristics and multi-year changing tendency of wave climate in the oceans are analyzed. The results show that the distribution path of the wave maxima is distinctly in consistent with that of the wind field maxima, indica ting that the wind field is the most important factor influencing the spatial distribution of waves. The waves show a strong decreasing tendency in the North Pacific and a weak decreasing trend in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean. On the contrary, the waves in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean tend to increase obviously. In the low-latitude regions of In- dian Ocean, Atlantic Ocean and East Pacific Ocean, the waves have a weak increasing tendency, whereas in the region between 30°S--45°S of the South Pacific Ocean they have a stronger increasing tendency.