怀化七姓瑶“高坡大王”祭祀圈的建构探析

Analysis on the Structuring of the King GaoPo Sacrificing Circle Worshiped by Qixingyao(the Seven Clans of Yao People) in Huaihua of Hunan

七姓瑶是聚居在湖南怀化的一个瑶族支系。数百年来,其族群文化的认同因为"高坡大王"这一神明信仰而维持统一并被不断强化。随着现代民族国家体系的建构及其与周边汉族文化的互动,高坡大王崇拜超越了族群边界而成为七姓瑶、其他姓氏的瑶族和汉族共同的保护神。因为建构作为地域身份的"瑶乡人"和作为族群身份的"瑶族人"之所需,当地人对高坡大王高度统一的崇拜行为导致了祭祀圈的形成。七姓瑶高坡大王从族群内部认同的神祇到区域性祭祀圈的建构事实表明了地域社会共同体整合的历史结构过程。

Qixingyao （the Seven Clans of the Yao People）, inhabiting in Huaihua City of Hunan, is one of the Yao people branches. For hundreds of years, its ethnic cultural identity has been maintained as a whole and continuously strengthened by the shared worship for the King GaoPo. With the construction of modern system of nationalities and state system, and the interaction between Qixingyao and the surrounding the Han culture, the worship for the King GaoPo has developed beyond the ethnic boundaries and into a common protecting divinity for Qixingyao, other clans of the Yao people and the Han people. To meet the need of constructing both the territory and ethnic status of the Yao people, the local people perform the worship of the King GaoPo in a highly consistent way, which forms the sacrificing circle. The fact that the worship for the King GaoPo has developed from a deity internally recognized in an ethnic group to a regional sacrificing circle illustrates the historical structuring process of integration for the regional social communities.