类型演变视角下世界文化遗产认知动向研究——兼论我国世界文化遗产申报策略

On the Cognitive Trends of World Cultural Heritage Based on Types Evolution

《保护世界文化和自然遗产公约》将世界文化遗产划分为三种基本类型:文物、建筑群和遗址。通过《实施世界遗产公约的操作指南》,30多年来,逐渐演变出六种世界文化遗产具体或特定的类型:跨境遗产、系列遗产、历史城镇和城镇中心、文化景观、遗产运河、遗产线路。考察世界文化遗产类型概念与内涵的演变,可以发现,国际遗产界对世界文化遗产的认知呈现以下动向:更加关注大空间尺度、整体性的遗产;更加重视跨区域、跨群体交流而形成的遗产;更加重视遗产的活态性与动态性;更加关注人类与自然互动融合形成的遗产。据此,我国在世界文化遗产申报工作中,应慎重选择申报类型,巧妙选择申报方式,突出强调特定价值,以提高申报成功率。

According to Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage and Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention,the world cultural heritage types evolved from three basic types to six concrete or specific types.By researching the concept and connotation of world cultural heritage types and its evolvement,we can find the cognitive trends of world cultural heritage.First,people pay more focused on the heritage which has the characteristic of integration and continuity within large scale field.Second,the heritage which reflects the interaction and communication of economy and culture between regions and groups is increasingly concerned.Third,more and more dynamic and living heritages enter people＇s field of vision.Fourth,the heritage combining cultural and natural elements attracts more attention.When declaring the World Cultural Heritage,we should take appropriate strategies to improve the success rate.