简析媒介文本中的符号暴力与权力编码——以剩女话语为例

The Symbolic Violence and Code of Power in Media Texts——An analysis of the Discourses about Spinster

"剩女话语"是由媒介制造出来的,并深刻影响了中国当下的性别观念和性别秩序。"剩女"话语刻画出的女性刻板印象和污名化想象,体现了男性中心的性别视角,因而具有明显的性别不平等的标示意义。根据福柯的观点,话语既生产了知识,同时也生产了权力。通过对"剩女"的命名和定义,这一话语旨在贬低女性的性别形象和社会价值,并将其整合进官方认定的正式话语体系中,从而构成一种既定的话语秩序,以迎合传统观念中男性主导的性别霸权,因而成为一种符号暴力。关于"剩女"标签的制造和权力编码,以及在此称谓上附加的形象建构、道德想象和社会评价,反映了男性对现代独立女性的恐惧和排斥,以及女性自身在传统角色规范和现代身份认知之间的冲突与矛盾。这一问题值得我们深思。

＂Spinster discourse＂,coined by media,has played a profound influence on the current gender ideology and gender order in China.This research analyzes the stereotypes about women shaped by spinster discourse and the phenomenon of stigma,and reveals the dimension of thinking from gender in the discourse,which embodies androcentrism,thus the discourse becomes a label of inequality of gender.Michel Foucault thinks discourse produces both knowledge and power.Spinster discourse aims to debase women＇s social image and value by nomination and definition.It tries to embed itself in the official discourse order and become an established one.It caters to male-dominated supremacy in the conventional ideology.In this sense,it becomes a symbolic violence.Male＇s fear and rejection of modern independent female is revealed by the production of the label ＂spinster＂,the coding of power,the construction of female＇s image,the association from the angle of moral and social evaluation,which also mirror the conflicts and contradiction in women＇s cognition between traditional role and modern identity.This question deserves our further consideration.