南宋马纲运输的过程管理

The process management of horse transport in the Southern Song

川秦和广西博马是南宋战马的主要来源。学界对战马贸易已有充分研究,对于川秦马纲路线亦有关注。每年跨越数千里自川广押运逾万匹战马到行在和江上诸军,是一项艰难复杂而又事关国防的要务。朝廷以何种方式纲运?在纲运中如何处理成本与效率的关系?如何建立调动各方力量的激励机制?这些问题仍有待进一步深入论述。本文对此作了探讨。通过考察有关史料,作者发现,南宋既要保障战马纲运的效率,又需考虑地方政府的承载能力,以建立起持续稳定的战马纲运机制。为此,朝廷建立了保障马纲运行的两套系统,即纲官、医兽和牵马人组成的押纲系统,以及沿途监司州县和馆驿人员组成的支持系统,并制定了量化的考核奖惩制度。

Sichuan, southern Shaanxi and Guangxi were the key sources of the horses used in the defense of the Southern Song Dynasty. Scholars have done a lot of research on the horse trade at that time.However, the following questions still need to be dealt with further because it was a very tough task- which was also very critical for the defense- to transport more than 10 thousand of horses from Sichuan, southern Shaanxi and Guangxi to the armies stationed at the capital and along the Yangtze River every year: How did the court arrange the transportation? How did it deal with the cost and efficiency? How did it create the incentives to mobilize the forces of different parts? By investigating in the historical literature, the author finds that the court considered both the efficiency of the transportation and the affordability of the local governments when it tried to create a stable and sustained mechanism for the transportation. For the purpose, the court established two systems: a transport system consisting of military officers,veterinarians and grooms; a supporting system consisting of the local governments ofprefectures and counties, and the hotels along the ways. It also set up a quantitative system of rewards and penalties for appraisals.