论传统民本的两个面向:德化之道与统治之策

Two Faces of Traditional Thoughts of People-Oriented:the Moralization Way and Domination Strategy

民本主义是中国古代最重要的政治思想,它的基本理念是将清明政治的希望寄于明君圣主,使其在施政中以人民之忧乐为优先考虑,以人民的福祉为政治的目标。这一理念使得民本成为古代政治思想中最具积极意义的内容。但是,由于传统民本实际上是王权政治与儒家学说相互需要、相互融合的产物,所以它既要服务于王权政治的专制统治,又不得不因为儒家价值的输入而带上尊君轻民的道德主义虚幻色彩。民本主义依附于君主政体而生,它与近现代民主思想之间的接轨十分困难。

People-Oriented is the most important ancient Chinese political thought, whose basic ideais to put the hope of political good up to good king, that could give priority to the people and take thewelfare of the people as a political goal. This idea makes it to be the most positive thought in ancient Chi-nese political thoughts. However, traditional thoughts of people-oriented is actually the product of auto-cratic politics and Confucian doctrine, which has to serve the autocratic politics, while with the moralismunreal meaning because of the input of Confucian values. Thoughts of people-oriented were born with au-tocratic politics and it might be very difficult to lead to modern democratic ideas.