精神病鉴定中的“鉴定留置”问题研究

A Study of “Identification Detention” in the Process of Forensic Psychiatry Examination

《刑事诉讼法》规定"对犯罪嫌疑人作精神病鉴定的期间不计入办案期限",实践中精神疾病鉴定的时间因案而异,短则数日,长则可达半年之久。不计入办案期限的做法实际上延长了被告人人身自由受限制的时间,也影响案件侦查、审查起诉和审判活动的顺利进行。分析我国精神疾病鉴定的立法与实践,指出精神疾病鉴定过程存在限制当事人人身自由的"鉴定留置"问题,必须对其实施程序加以规制。在比较考察德国与我国台湾"鉴定留置"制度基础上,主张借鉴"鉴定留置"制度,从近期、长期两个层面完善精神疾病鉴定的相关程序。

According to the Criminal Procedure Law, the period used for forensic psychiatry examination of the suspect will be excluded from the period of detention. An empirical study reveals that the time used for forensic psychiatry examinations is different among cases, varying from a few days to almost half a year. Exempting the examining time from the period of detention actually extends the time of confinement to the personal freedom of the defendant, which will hinder the smooth progress of case investigation, examination and prosecution, and ju- dicial activities. Analyzing the legislation and practice of forensic psychiatry examination in China, the paper points out the ＂identification detention＂ problem of restricting the personal freedom of the party that exists in the process of forensic psychiatry examination, hence calling for the regulation of its implementation procedure. By the comparative observation of ＂identification detention＂ systems in Germany and Taiwan Province, China, it is suggested to use theirs for reference, and further perfect the relevant procedures of forensic psychiatry examina- tion both in the long run and in the short run.