论关键日期在南海海域划界争端中的适用问题

On the Application Problem of Critical Date to the Maritime Delimitation Dispute in the South China Sea

关键日期指一个时段的最后结点。在此时段内,争端有关的所有实质性事实已经发生,同时这个时期之后双方的行为已经不能够再影响到这个争端。关键日期这一概念是国际司法机构从处理领土主权争端案件发展而来的,但在海域划界问题中并未得到充分的论证。由于海洋权利不同于领土主权的属性及中国主张在海洋权利方面的模糊性,决定了在南海海域划界争端中关键日期是难以确立的。我们应将岛礁主权争端与海域划界争端分开考量,明确九段线的法律立场,制定自己的海域划界方案,同时也应加强南海共同开发方案的研究,以合作促进划界的实现。

The critical date refers to the final point in a span of time,during which all the material facts concerning the dispute have occurred and after which the actions of both parties can no longer affect the issue. The conception of critical date is developed from the solutions of the cases concerning territorial sovereignty dispute by the international judicial institutions, but it isn＇t fully demonstrated in the issue of maritime delimitation. Due to the fact that the properties of maritime rights are different from those of territorial sovereignty power and because of the ambiguity of China＇s claims on maritime rights,the critical date in the dispute of the South China Sea maritime delimitation is difficult to determine. We should consider the disputes of island sovereignty and maritime delimitation separately, clarify the legal position of Nine-dash Line, make our own plan of maritime delimitation and at the same time strengthen our study on the program of the joint development of the South China Sea to promote cooperation in the realization of demarcation.