补充钙、镁、铁、锌等矿物质对妊娠大鼠及胎仔的影响

Effects of Supplementing Minerals including Calcium, Magnesium, Iron, Zinc on Pregnant and Fetal Rats

目的探讨补充钙、镁、铁、锌等矿物质对妊娠大鼠及胎仔发育的影响。方法适应期结束后将孕鼠按体重随机分组,10只已孕大鼠在孕前1 w^0 d即给予样品作为孕前组,40只已孕大鼠分为孕早期(孕0~11 d)、孕中期(孕12~16d)、孕晚期(孕17 d~分娩)实验组和对照组,实验组分别在不同孕期灌胃营养素补充剂软胶囊内容物溶液,对照组灌服大豆油,灌胃量0.94 mL/(kg·d)。观察胎仔数量、异常胎仔数、胎仔生长指标,并采用火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定孕鼠血清及胎仔组织中钙、镁、铁、锌的含量。结果 (1)孕前组、孕早期组孕鼠孕0~11 d体重增加量高于对照组(P<0.05);孕中期组孕鼠总增重量高于其他各组(P<0.05)。(2)实验组孕鼠产仔数多于对照组(P<0.05);各实验组胎仔的身长均小于对照组(P<0.05),尾长、体重、头重差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(3)孕早期组和孕中期组孕鼠血清铁含量高于对照组(P<0.05);孕期各组胎仔组织中钙含量均高于对照组和孕前组(P<0.05),孕晚期组胎仔组织中锌含量高于其他各组(P<0.05),孕早期组和孕中期组胎仔组织镁含量高于对照组(P<0.01,P<0.05)。结论孕前和孕期补充矿物质可增加孕鼠增重量并可能提高胎仔组织中钙、铁、锌、镁等矿物质的含量。

Objective To determine the effects of supplementing minerals including calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc on the growth and development of pregnant rats and their offsprings. Methods After the adaptation period, 10 pregnant rats were given samples at 1 w-0 d before pregnancy as pre-pregnancy group. Other 40 pregnant rats were randomly classified into early pregnancy group （0th to 1 l th day of pregnancy）, middle pregnancy group （12th to 16th day of pregnancy）, late pregnancy group （17th day of pregnancy to confinement） and control group. The animals in experimental groups were given by gavage nutrient supplements solution during different period of pregnancy, and the animals in control group were given soybean oil by gavage with the dose of 0.94 mL/（kg.d）. The number of fetal and unusual fetal rats, the growth index of fetal rats were obseved. The concentration of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc in the serum of pregnant rats and in the tissue of fetal rats were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results ①Pregnant rats in the pre-pregnancy group and early pregnancy group gained more weight compared to control group during the early pregnancy period （0-11day）（P〈0.05）. The pregnant rats in the middle pregnancy group gained more weight than other groups during the whole experimental period （P〈0.05）. ② Pregnant rats in experimental groups gave birth to more fetal rats than the control group（P〈0.05）. There were no differences between fetal rats in tail length, weight and head weight. However, the mean height of fetal rats of experimental groups was lower than that of control group（P〈0.05）. The concentration of iron in serum of pregnant rats in the early and middle pregnancy group was higher than that of control group （P〈0.05）. The level of calcium in the tissues of fetal rats in experimental groups who were supplemented with calcium during pregnancy was higher than that of pre-pregnancy group and the control group（P〈0.05）. The level of zinc in the tissues of fetal rates were supplemented with zinc during late pregnancy was higher than that of other groups（P〈0.05）. The level of magnesium in the tissues of fetal rats in the early pregnancy group and middle pregnancy group were higher than those of control group （P〈0.01, P〈0.05）. Conclusion Supplementing minerals before and during pregnancy can increase the body weight of pregnant rats and the levels of iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc in the tissues of fetal rats.