婴幼儿轻度缺铁性贫血危险因素及其对发育水平的影响

The Effect of Mild Iron Deficiency Anemia Risk Factors on Growth Level of Infants

目的：了解婴幼儿轻度缺铁性贫血（MIDA）对其发育水平的影响并进行相关危险因素分析。方法：选取2012年6月至2013年6月来我院就诊的6个月~3岁婴幼儿为研究对象,将符合MIDA诊断标准的婴幼儿列为病例组,其他非贫血儿童列为对照组。对所有研究对象进行Gesell发展诊断量表测试及相关因素的问卷调查。结果：盖塞尔（Gesell）发展诊断量表测试结果发现,MIDA病例组患儿适应行为、大运动及精细运动评分均低于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。缺铁性贫血患儿的血红蛋白水平与患儿适应行为、大运动及精细运动评分呈正相关（P〈0.05）。多因素条件Logistic回归分析发现,婴幼儿MIDA相关危险因素有居住地为农村、家庭收入较低、纯母乳喂养、添加辅食时间〉6个月、早产、低出生体质量、母亲孕期贫血,保护因素有添加富含铁蛋白的食物（P〈0.05）。结论：缺铁性贫血可以影响婴幼儿适应行为、大运动及精细运动的发育,家庭经济状况、喂养方式、添加辅食时间及种类、出生体质量、母孕期贫血与婴幼儿缺铁性贫血的发病密切相关。

Objective： To investigate the effect of mild iron deficiency anemia （MIDA） on growth level of infants and its risk factors analysis. Methods： Infants who were 6 months to 3 years old, were collected from June 2012 to June 2013 in our hospital. Infants diagnosed as MIDA were divided to MIDA group. Other infants were enrolled as control group. All of them were subjected to Gesel development diagnostic scale analysis and questionnaire survey. Results： Significant differences of adaptive behavior, gross motor and fine motor were observed between MIDA group and control group （P〈0. 05）. Level of hematocrystallin of MIDA infants showed positive correlation with their adaptive behavior, gross motor and fine motor （P〈0.05）. Logistic regression was used to analyze. The results showedthat risk factors of MIDA in infant were country living, living in poor family, breast feeding only, more than six months complementary feeding, premature delivery, low birth weight and mother anemia during pregnancy （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Iron deficiency anemia could affect adaptive behavior, gross motor and fine motor of infants. The occurrence of MIDA has the close relationship with family economic status, feeding style, time and species of complementary feeding, weight of birth and mother anemia during pregnancy.