藏医学药用龙胆科植物药材品种与标准的现状分析

Analysis of Varieties and Standards of Gentianaceae Medicinal Plants Used in Tibetan Medicine

对藏医学中药用龙胆科植物在我国现行药材标准中的品种收载和质量标准情况进行分析整理。结果表明,相关文献记载的藏医学药用龙胆科植物共有8属77种(含变种),但在《中国药典》、《部颁标准》和地方标准中收载的基源植物仅26种,约占33%。在藏药的标准和文献中,药材的藏文名称、音译汉文名称的用字以及基原比较混乱。除少数几种与中药交叉使用的品种在《中国药典》中有比较完善的标准外,在《部颁标准·藏药(第1册)》、《藏药标准》及地方标准中绝大多数品种都仅有性状、粉末、理化鉴别等项规定,标准极不完善。因此,应开展文献考证、资源和使用现状调查,并结合现代药物研究技术进行系统研究,加强对藏药材的品种研究和质量标准体系的建立。

In this paper, the popular domestic varieties and quality standards of Gentianaceae medicinal plants used in Tibetan medicine were analyzed, The results showed that, there were 8 genera and 77 species （including the varieties） of Gentianaceae plants were recorded in the relevant literatures, and only 26 species（about 33 % ） were included in the Chinese pharmacopoei, Standards Issued by Ministry of Health and local standards. In relevant Tibetan literatures and standards, there were great differences in the Tibetan terminology, Chinese terminology, and the origins of medicinal plants. A few species which were also used as traditional Chinese medicine had complete standard in the Chinese pharmacopoeia. Most of the 78 species only had the identifications of characteristics, powders, physical and chemical properties in Standards Issued by Ministry of Health ＂Tibetan medicine, Tibetan Medicine Standard and provincial standards. Therefore, the literature research, resources investigation and current application situations of Gentianaceae medicinal plants used in Tibetan medicine should be carried out. Furthermore, a system of varieties and quality standards of Gentianaceae medicinal plants should be established by in combination with the bioactive substance evaluation and comparison.