南方废弃稀土矿区生态失衡状况及其成因

Status and causes of ecological imbalance of abandoned rare-earth mine in South China

本文综述了我国南方废弃稀土矿区大面积植被破坏,水土流失严重、滑坡、泥石流危险,重金属污染,水体污染,土壤污染和氟污染的生态失衡状况;并详细分析了造成南方废弃稀土矿区生态失衡状况的成因,如采用池浸、堆浸和原地浸取工艺提取稀土的不足,稀土矿的矿床厚度薄且分布较为广泛、稀土品位较低同时资源利用率低,南方离子型稀土资源未充分进行整合、相关部门对稀土矿开采的准入和监管不到位,针对离子型稀土矿区生态恢复的研究滞后、未形成可推广的稀土废弃地生态修复模式等;最后,从以下诸方面提出了改善南方废弃稀土矿区生态失衡状况的建议,如:开发提取稀土的新工艺、加快稀土资源整合的步伐、加大稀土废弃地生态修复研究的投入等。

This paper summarized the ecological imbalance status of abandoned rare-earth mine in South China,such as a large area of vegetation damage, serious soil erosion, landslides, muds｜ides, heavy metal pol[ution, water pollution, soil contamination and fluorine pollution. The causes which lead to the ecological imbalances status of Southern abandoned rare-earth mine were analyzed, such as the insufficiency of using tank leaching,heap leaching and In-situ leaching process to extract rare earth resources,mineral thickness and taste of rare earth ore,which distributed widely,are respectively thin and low grade,along with the low utilization rates of resource, southern ionic rare earth resources are not fully integrated, access and supervision of rare earth mining by relevant departments are ineffective,the ecological recovery research of ion type rare earth mine is lagging behind and have not formed an propagable ecological restoration mode of rare earth wasteland. In the end, the following aspects of suggestions were made to improw~ the ecological imbalance status of abandoned rare-earth mine in South China, such as develop new rare-earth extraction process ,accelerate the integration pace of rare earth resources,increase investment of ecological restoration research in rare-earth wasteland and so on.