以煤为燃料的化学链燃烧研究进展

Research and Development of Coal-fueled Chemical Looping Combustion

从3个方面介绍以煤为燃料的化学链燃烧的研究进展。在载氧体方面,研究载氧体的气固反应特性,采用表面光滑的Fe多晶片作为反应物,借助扫描电镜观测固体产物,剥离了孔隙结构的影响,解决固体产物微观形貌难以直接观察的问题;建立了基于分子尺度固体产物成核与生长的速率方程,从微观分子尺度来描述宏观的动力学行为;建立活性成分与惰性载体间相互作用力模型;提出通过引入外来离子提高天然钛铁矿载氧体反应活性的方法。在煤与载氧体相互作用方面,考虑了挥发分、煤灰对载氧体的影响;采用催化气化使气化速率与还原速率相匹配;煤的破碎、磨耗及分层会导致燃料反应器内气体的不完全转化。在反应器方面,建立了双循环回路的三流化床实验台,实现了140h稳定热态运行;并提出采用下行床、低温化学链燃烧和直接化学链燃烧的概念来转化未反应气体。

Coal-fueled chemical looping combustion was studied from three aspects. In the aspect of oxygen carders, the gas-solid reaction of carriers was studied. Multi-crystal Fe with smooth surface was used asthe reactant to eliminate the effect of pore structure. The morphology of solid products was observed tmder a scanning electron microscope. The problem of directly observing the product morphology was solved. A rate equation theory was developed to describe the macroscopic kinetics based on the nucleation and growth of solid product from molecular level. A model of interaction force between active components and inert supports was developed. The method of improving the reactivity of natural limonite by introducing foreign ions was proposed. In the aspect of interaction between coal and oxygen carriers, the effect of volatiles and ash on oxygen carriers was addressed. The match of char gasification rate and reduction rate can be achieved through catalytic gasification. Fragmentation, attrition, and segregation of coal particles caused the incomplete gas conversion in the fuel reactor. In the reactor aspect, a three fluidized beds reactor with dual circulating loops was built. A steady operation of 140h in hot mode was accomplished. The concepts of downer reactor, low temperature CLC, and direct CLC were proposed for converting the un-reacted gases.