定子永磁型无刷电机系统及其关键技术综述

Overview of Stator Permanent Magnet Brushless Machine Systems and Their Key Technologies

定子永磁型无刷电机是一类永磁体和电枢绕组均位于定子的新型永磁无刷电机,可方便地对永磁体和电枢绕直接冷却以控制其温度,并易于通过"永磁+电励磁"实现对电机气隙磁场的直接控制,从而获得无刷电机的宽范围调速;凸极转子既无永磁体也无绕组,结构简单可靠,适合高速运行;该电机兼具功率密度高、效率高、容错性能好、控制灵活等特点。该文介绍了定子永磁型无刷电机的基本结构与工作原理,总结了它们的共性规律和个性差别,对其分析设计方法、控制策略等关键技术进行综述,讨论了多种磁通调节方案和容错控制策略,分析了该电机系统在电动汽车、飞轮储能、轨道交通等领域应用的可行性和潜力,最后对该电机系统的主要研究方向进行了展望。

As a topology of novel brushless permanent magnet （PM） machines, stator-PM brushless machines having magnets and armature windings in stator （the so-called stator-PM machines）, exhibit the merit of convenient heat dissipations. The compact and robust rotor structure also makes stator-PM machines potential candidates for high speed applications. Meantime, the air-gap flux regulations can be realized by hybrid excitations of PMs and field windings, which consequently expands the speed adjustment regions. Overall, the stator-PM machine features the definite advantages of robust structure, high power density and efficiency, high fault-tolerant capability and being applicable of various control strategies. In this paper, a comprehensive and systematical overview on the stator-PM brushless machine systems and their key technologies is conducted, with particular emphasis on machine topologies, operation principles, design and analysis features, and control strategies. Furthermore, the flux- regulation strategies and fault-tolerant control strategies are presented. Some potentials of feasible applications for the stator-PM brushless machines in electrical vehicles, flywheel energy storage system, and urban rail transit, are discussed. Finally, the future trends are prospected.