企业质量安全责任激励与约束机制的国际比较

A Transnational Comparison on the Incentive and Constraint Mechanisms of Enterprises’ Quality and Safety Responsibilities

近年来国内外质量安全事件不断发生,国外此类事件多由纯粹的风险因素所致,而在中国,主要原因却是企业质量安全责任履行不力。进一步的,企业质量安全责任不履行的主因在于,促使企业主动履行质量安全责任的激励和约束机制存在较多的缺陷。从政府激励措施、惩罚性约束、消费者教育和消费者组织的社会监督等方面来看,与国外先进国家相比都存在很大差距。因此,应该借鉴国外的经验,从设立质量奖、发挥其引领作用,加大惩罚性赔偿力度,发挥消费者主体的监督作用这几个方面建立、健全质量安全的激励和约束机制,使得当前失衡的企业质量安全主体责任的"激励—约束"机制回复平衡。

The defects of the present incentive and constraint mechanisms in the enterprise?s quality and safety responsibility system lead to the failure of provision of quality products in China. Comparing to advanced nations,the defects lies in the government?s incentive policies,punitive constraint,consumer education and supervision role of consumer organizations.Then,referred from the experience of those countries,our regulation bureaus should build sound incentive and constraint mechanism to restore the balance of firms?quality and safety responsibility system.