我国布氏田鼠型鼠疫疫源地动物鼠疫流行病学调查——发现长爪沙鼠型鼠疫

Epidemiological investigation of animal plague in Microtus brandti plague foci in China——discovery of Mongolian gerbil plague

目的 调查2005-2013年我国布氏田鼠型疫源地动物鼠疫流行特征,分析出现布氏田鼠型鼠疫和长爪沙鼠型鼠疫交叉流行的新情况.方法 收集2005-2013年布氏田鼠疫源地分离的135株鼠疫菌,根据我国鼠疫菌生态型的分型方法和标准[《鼠疫自然疫源地及动物鼠疫流行判定标准》（GB 16883-1997）,布氏田鼠型鼠疫菌发酵鼠李糖,不发酵阿胶糖,长爪沙鼠型鼠疫菌发酵阿胶糖,不发酵鼠李糖],采用生化及糖醇类酵解试验进行菌型鉴定;收集内蒙古阿巴嘎旗、锡林浩特市、苏尼特左旗、东乌珠穆沁旗和西乌珠穆沁旗5个旗县疾病预防控制中心鼠疫专项调查和监测报告,以及各年度内蒙古鼠疫监测总结资料,分析布氏田鼠型疫源地动物鼠疫流行分布情况.结果 测试的135株菌中,2005-2007年及2010年分离的128株菌发酵阿胶糖,不发酵鼠李糖;2008年分离的7株菌发酵鼠李糖,不发酵阿胶糖.确定2005-2007年、2010年4个年度在阿巴嘎旗、锡林浩特市及西乌珠穆沁旗发现的动物鼠疫为长爪沙鼠型鼠疫,2008年在锡林浩特市和东乌珠穆沁旗发现的动物鼠疫流行是布氏田鼠型鼠疫.结论 2005年阿巴嘎旗、锡林浩特市和西乌珠穆沁旗首次检出长爪沙鼠型鼠疫菌,可确定为新发现的长爪沙鼠型疫源地.而作为布氏田鼠型疫源地的阿巴嘎旗、锡林浩特市、苏尼特左旗、西乌珠穆沁旗和东乌珠穆沁旗中,只有东乌珠穆沁旗单独存在布氏田鼠型疫源地,而其余4个旗县均存在布氏田鼠和长爪沙鼠2种鼠疫类型的疫源地;通过2005年以来发现新的疫情可以看出,此疫源地性质变得复杂,对人类构成了严重的威胁,今后应进一步加强研究和防治工作.

Objective To investigate epidemiological characteristics of animal plague in Microtus brandti plague foci in China from 2005-2013,and to found the reason for cross epidemic of Microtus brandti and Mongolian gerbil plague.Methods Totally 135 Yesinia pestis （Y.pestis） were isolated in Microtus brandti plague foci from 2005 to 2013.According to the typing method of Y.pestis and ＆quot;The Criteria of Plague Natural Foci and Animal Plague Epidemic＆quot;（GB 16883-1997）,bacteria type was identified using biochemical tests and sugar alcohols glycolysis test.Monitoring reports of the plague epidemic situation in Abag Banner,Xilinhot,Sonid left Banner,Xi Ujimqin Banner,Dong Ujimqin Banner,Inner Mongolia were collected.The epidemiological distribution of animal plague in Microtus brandti plague foci was analyzed.Results In 135 strains tested which were isolated from 2005-2007 and 2010,128 strains were fermented farinose,unfermented rhamnose; and 7 strains were fermented rhamnose,unfermented arabinose in 2008.According to the types of Microtus brandti Y.pestis （fermented rhamnose,unfermented arainose） and Mongolian gerbil Y.pestis （fermented arainose,unfermented rhamnose）,Microtus brandti plague was identified in the epidemic in Xilinhot and Dong Ujimqin Banner in 2008.The Mongolian gerbil plague was epidemic in Abag Banner,Xilinhot and Xi Ujimqin Banner in2005-2007 and 2010.Conclusions In 2005,Mongolian gerbil type of Y.pestis is first isolated in Abag Banner,Xilinhot and Xi Ujimqin Banner.It is confirmed a newly discovered Mongolian gerbil plague foci.Abag Banner,Xilinhot,Sonid left Banner,Xi Ujimqin Banner and Dong Ujimqin Banner are Microtus brandti plague foci,only Dong Ujimqin Banner is Microtus brandti plague foci,others are two types of Microtus brandti and Mongolian gerbil plague foci.Since 2005,new epidemic situation is found,the Microtus brandti plague foci is becoming complex.It is a serious threat to human being.We must further strengthen the research and prevention in future.