跑步和游泳对青春期女孩骨密度的影响

The impact of running and swimming on bone mineral density of girls in puberty

目的:探讨跑步、游泳运动是否对青春期女孩的局部和全身骨密度(BMD)产生影响。方法:58例骨龄10—12岁女孩作为研究对象,其中业余少体校跑步运动员(RG)14例、游泳运动员(SG)25例作为实验组,普通学生(CG)19例作为对照组。采用Lunar Prodigy DXA测量受试者的全身等7个部位的骨密度,采用CHN-05标准评定受试者的骨龄和问卷调查其日常体育锻炼和训练时间等信息。结果:1调整体表面积后,SG的上肢骨密度(0.552 g/cm2)分别比CG(0.517 g/cm2)和RG(0.511 g/cm2)高出6.8%和8.0%(P<0.05),RG的下肢骨密度(0.798 g/cm2)分别比SG(0.746 g/cm2)和CG(0.754 g/cm2)高出7.0%和5.8%(P<0.05),全身骨密度和去颅骨全身骨密度不存在组间差异;2SG的上肢瘦软组织显著高于其他两组,RG的下肢瘦软组织显著高于其他两组,CG的全身瘦软组织低于其他两组;3对照组的课余体育锻炼时间每周仅为111.1min,明显低于跑步组(661.4min)和游泳组(705.6min),P<0.01。结论:经常进行游泳、跑步运动对女孩骨骼的影响产生了局部效应,该效应又体现了项目特异性,同时说明不同运动对骨密度产生的正效应在青春期阶段就已出现;建议女孩应在此阶段进行有规律的游泳、跑步运动,提高上、下肢的骨密度。

Objective： To explore whether the swimming or running affect the bone mineral density（BMD） of girls in pu- berty. Method： A sample of 58 girls with bone age 10-12 years participated in the study： 14 runners（RG）,25 swim- mers（SG） and 19 age-matched controls（CG）. BMD was determined by Lunar Prodigy DXA; bone age was as- sessed by CHN-05. Result：①After body surface area（BSA） controlled,the BMD of SG（0.552 g/cm2）in arms was higher than that of CG（0.517 g/cm：,6.8%）and RG（0.511 g/cm2,8.6%）（P〈0.05）.The BMD of RG（0.798 g/cm2）in legs was high- er than that of SG（0.746 g/cm2, 7.0%） and CG（0.754 g/cm2, 5.8%）（P 〈 0.05）, there was no significant differ- ence among groups in total BMD and total BMD excluded skull. ② The lean mass（LM） of SG was higher than that of RG and CG in arms, the LM of RG was higher in legs, the LM of CG was lower than that of RG and SG. ③the extracurricular exercise time of CG was 111.1min per week, lower than that of RG（661.4 min） and SG（705.6min）,P 〈 0.01. Conclusion： Regular swimming or running can locally affect BMD of female adolescents. The effects are asso- ciated with sports-specificity. It suggested that different sports can affect BMD in early stages of the youth. It is recommend that female adolescents should take swimming or running regularly to improve BMD of arms orlegs.