珠三角地区流动女性产后盆底肌力筛查及影响因素分析

Pelvic floor muscle strength screening and analysis of its related factors among migrant women in the Pearl River Delta

目的了解珠三角地区流动女性产后盆底肌力异常发生情况及其影响因素,为盆底功能障碍性疾病（PFD）的防治提供理论依据。方法采取便利抽样的方法,抽取广州市和佛山市各1所医院中于2013年10月~2014年7月分娩并在产后42 d行盆底肌力筛查的产妇1008例。盆底肌肉Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类肌纤维肌力的测定采用盆底肌电生物反馈仪。影响因素调查采用自行设计的调查表完成。结果珠三角地区流动女性产后42 d盆底Ⅰ、Ⅱ类肌纤维肌力异常率分别为49.21%、49.60%;不同年龄、不同职业产妇Ⅰ、Ⅱ类肌纤维肌力异常率差异无统计学意义;剖宫产产妇Ⅰ、Ⅱ类肌纤维肌力异常率均低于阴道分娩产妇,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;产次与盆底Ⅰ、Ⅱ类肌纤维肌力均存在关联性,并呈负相关性（P〈0.05）。结论分娩方式与产次是珠三角地区流动女性产后盆底肌力异常的影响因素,应加大对流动妇女的健康宣教,提倡计划生育,及时干预以减少盆底肌肉损伤。

Objective To investigate the prevalence and related factors of abnormal pelvic floor muscle strength and provide theoretical evidence for the prevention and treatment of pelvic floor dysfunction. Methods A total of 1008 migrant women in hospitals of Guangzhou and Foshan were screened for pelvic floor strength at 42 days postpartum from Oct, 2013 to July, 2014. EMG biofeedback equipment was employed to assess the strength of type I and II muscle fiber and a questionnaire was designed to record its related factors. Results The incidence of abnormal type I and II muscle fiber strength was 49.21% and 49.60%, respectively. No statistical significance was observed in the abnormal rates among women with different ages or occupations. Compared with women who chose vaginal delivery, women with cesarean section had significantly reduced abnormal rates. A negative correlation was found between parity and type I and II muscle fiber strength. Conclusion The delivery mode and parity are factors affecting pelvic floor muscle strength among migrant women in the Pearl River Delta, suggesting the necessity of health education and promotion of family planning policy.