1Merboth M K, Barnason S. Managing pain: the fifth vital sign [ J ]. Nurs Clin North Am, 2000, 35(2) : 375 -383.
2Brasher C, Gafsous B, Dugue S, et al. Postoperative pain management in children and infants : an update [ J ]. Paediatr Drugs, 2014, 16 (2) : 129 - 140.
3Tamura T. Postoperative pain managements in children [ J]. Masui, 2013, 62(9) : 1080-1087.
4Balga I, Konrad C, Meissner W. Pediatric postoperative quality analy- sis: Pain and postoperative nausea and vomiting [J]. Anaesthesist, 2013, 62(9) : 707 -710,712 -719.
5Ugur K S, Karabayirli S, Demircioglu R I, et al. The comparison of preineisional peritonsilla/infiltration of ketamine and tramadol for post- operative pain relief on children following adenotonsillectomy[ J]. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol, 2013, 77 ( 11 ) : 1825 - 1829.
4Thomson IR, Harding G, Hudson RJ. A comparison of fentanyl and sufentanil in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery[J].J Cardiothorae Vase Anesth, 2000,14:652.