阔叶红松风景林单木景观质量评价与模型研究

Assessment and model research on scenic forest individual tree landscape quality in broadleaved and Korean pine mixed forests

为科学进行天然风景林的抚育经营,以长白山地区松江河林业局板石河林场内的天然风景林单木为研究对象,共调查了913株单木的外部形态指标,拍摄913张单木景观照片,筛选获得87张针阔叶树种景观照片并进行美景度评价,并对其景观要素进行分解,进而建立了针叶和阔叶树种单木的美景度模型,最后对99株单木的景观质量进行了预测以检验模型的预测效果。结果表明:1)影响针叶和阔叶树种单木景观美景度的景观要素差别较大;2)影响针叶树种单木美景度的主要景观要素有树干挺拔度、轮廓清晰度、枝条混乱度、树冠完整度和枝条密度;3)影响阔叶树种单木美景度的主要景观要素有树冠形态、轮廓清晰度、树冠均匀度、叶片密度、枝条舒展度和树干挺拔度;4)基于单木景观质量影响要素,风景林经营应以培育树干通直的针叶单木景观和树冠饱满的阔叶单木景观为目标;5)本文建立的针叶和阔叶单木景观美景度模型能较准确地预测单木景观美景度,可以应用于单木景观质量研究。

In order to reasonably manage the natural scenic forest, the landscape photos and related information of 913 trees were collected in the broadleaved and Korean pine mixed forests in Banshihe Forest Farm of Songjianghe Forestry Bureau in the Changbai Mountain area in Jilin Province, northeastern China. After strict sieved, 87 trees were chosen to measure the scenic beauty values and decompose the landscape factors, and the relationship models of scenic beauty values and landscape elements were established by using multiple mathematical model I , then 99 trees were used to test these models. The results showed that： 1） there was a significant difference among the landscape factors affecting coniferous tree and the ones affecting deciduous tree. 2）The main elements affecting the scenic beauty value of individual tree landscape of coniferous trees were the straight level of trunk, definition of crown form, confusion of branch, integrity of crown, density of leaves. 3） The main elements affecting the scenic beauty value of individual tree landscape of deciduous trees were the crown form, definition of crown form, even level of crown, density of leaves, stretch of branch, straight level of trunk. 4） The management of scenic forest should take the landscape factors affecting individual tree landscape quality into consideration and regard cultivating individual coniferous tree with straight trunk and deciduous tree with full crown as target. 5） The models of coniferous trees and deciduous trees can predict scenic beauty value of individual tree landscape accurately. They can be applied to the research of individual tree landscape quality.