从紫禁城到故宫博物院——一种媒介文化角度的审视

From the Forbidden City to the Palace Museum

建筑物作为一种重要的文明与文化载体,具有媒介的属性,传达着特定时代的媒介文化观念。故宫建筑群不单是一座皇家宫殿,一家文物藏量丰富的博物馆,它同时是社会主流文化的载体,在时代变迁中追随着所有权的转换而呈现不同的历史文化内涵,透露出不同的媒介文化信息。封建时代的紫禁城在为明清帝王提供必要的居住与临政场所的同时,也作为媒介,被赋予了特殊的文化使命,以媒介文化的形式,建构着封建社会的主流文化体系。民国建立,故宫博物院创建,其所蕴含的媒介文化性质、功能亦为之一变,成为建构民主文化的重要力量。而故宫博物院建院过程的漫长坎坷,也正是中国近代民主革命、民主思想艰难发展历程的深刻反映。

Buildings, an important carrier of civilization and culture, have media’s attributes and are conveying the particular time-bound concept of media culture. The Palace Museum, a building group, is not only a royal palace or a museum with rich cultural relics, but a carrier of social mainstream culture. In changing times, it presented different historic and cultural connotation from its ownership transfer. Proceeding from the need of imperial tyranny, the feudal Forbidden City served as a dispensable domicile and a place to run the government for the emperors of the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Meanwhile, it, as a media, was endowed with special cultural mission that symbolized the great political unification and represented the imperial culture. It was constructing the mainstream cultural system of the feudal society in the form of media culture. when the Chinese Republic was establishing, the Palace Museum was set up. The Palace Museum became the main power to shape democratic culture. The Palace Museum evolved from imperial palace into public museum. The construction of the Palace Museum is long and winding, which reflects the hardship of democratic revolutions and democratic ideals much more profoundly.