关于发展混合所有制经济的若干问题

Some Problems about the Development of the Mixed Ownership Enterprises

所有制改革是改革开放以来经济体制改革的重点与难点,从限制私有制经济到承认非公有制经济,再到发展混合所有制经济,混合所有制经济已被确认为社会主义市场经济的主要实现形式。然而,在经济社会发展的新时期,混合所有制经济发展还有许多关键问题尚待解决。并不是所有类型和所有行业的国有企业都适合发展成为混合所有制企业,以金融、电信为代表的竞争性领域应当完全放开发展混合所有制经济,以石油、稀土为代表的稀缺资源领域应该进行必要的限制,以铁路和电力为代表的规模经济行业应区分产业链上不同环节,有选择地发展混合所有制经济,而公益性领域则不适合发展混合所有制经济。本文总结并评价了我国混合所有制的认识发展过程,分析了发展混合所有制经济的范围、治理结构、行业选择和规制设计,以期为国企发展混合所有制的健康有序提供理论依据与经验支持。

Ownership reform is the key point of the economic system reform since the reform and opening up. From restriction on private-owned enterprises to the acceptation for private-owned enterprises, and until now the diverseownership enterprises has been confirmed as the main form of realization of socialist market economy. However, there are still some problems to be solved for the development of diverseownership enterpri- ses. Not all the types and industries of state-owned enterprises are suitable for the de- velopment of diverseownership enterprises. For example, the enterprises in competitive industries should develop diverseownership enterprises, such as the finance industry and telecommunication industry. The enterprises in scarce resource industry should make the necessary restrictions to develop diverseownership enterprises, such as oil in- dustry and rare earth industry. The enterprises in railway and electric power industries should distinguish between different sectors of the industry chain and choose the suit- able sector to develop diverseownership enterprises. It is not suitable for all the enterpri- ses in public service industry to develop diverseownership enterprises. In order to pro- vide more theoretical and experienced basis to support for the development of diverse- ownership enterprises, this paper summarized the theoretical perspectives about di- verseownership enterprises, and analyzed the scale, corporate governance, industry selection and regulation design.