不同表土利用方式对核桃幼树生长的影响

Effects of different topsoil use mode on growth of young walnut tree

为确定太行山低山丘陵区核桃栽植过程中的有效整地方法，采用表土作埂和表土回填2种方式研究了整地过程中不同表土利用方式对核桃树体生长的影响，结果表明：表土回填和表土作埂的核桃幼树平均树高分别为106．8 cm、63．6 cm ，平均单株长枝数量分别为10个、4个，均为表土回填极显著高于表土作埂的；表土回填和表土作埂的1a生核桃幼树平均基径分别为2．13cm、1．22cm，表土回填显著大于表土作埂的。在0-20 cm土层中，表土回填和表土作埂的核桃幼树≤1 mm的根系数量分别为77．7条、45．3条，表土回填极显著高于表土作埂的；1-3 m m的根系数量分别为10条、6条，表土回填是表土作埂的1．67倍。在20-40 cm土层中，表土回填和表土作埂的核桃幼树≤1 mm的根系数量分别为126条、87．9条，3-5 mm的根系数量分别为13条、8条，均为表土回填显著高于表土作埂的；在40-60 cm土层中，表土回填和表土作埂的核桃幼树≤1 mm的根系数量分别为134条、75条，表土回填极显著高于表土作埂的。因此，在整地的过程中，采用表土回填的土壤利用方式有利于核桃幼树和根系的生长。

In order to establish an effective land preparation method in the process of planting walnut efficiently in the hilly area of Taihang Mountain ,the effects of different topsoil use mode in the preparation process on walnut tree growth were studied .The results showed that the average walnut young trees height with topsoil backfilled and topsoil for the ridge was 106.8cm and 63.6cm ,and the average long branch number was 10 and 4 ,respectively , indicating both the tree height and the long branch number with topsoil backfilled were very significantly higher than those of the topsoil forridge .The average basal diameter of 1 awalnut young trees with topsoil backfilled and topsoil for ridge was 2.13 cm and 1.22 cm , which shows a significantly greater effect of the topsoil backfilled than that of the topsoil for ridge .In the 0-20 cm soil layer ,the ≤1 mm root number of young walnut tree with topsoil backfilled and topsoil for ridge was 77.7 and 45.3 ,indicating that of the topsoil backfilled was significantly higher than that of the topsoil for ridge .The 1-3 mm root number of top-soil backfilled was 10 ,which is 1.67 times as high as 6 of the topsoil for ridge.In the 20-40 cm soil layer ,the ≤1 mm root number of young walnut tree with the topsoil backfilled and the topsoil for ridge was 126 and 87.9 ,with the 3-5 mm root number of 13 and 8 ,also indi-cating the topsoil backfilled had a significantly higher effect than the topsoil for ridge .In the 40-60 cm soil layer ,the topsoil backfilled produced 134 ≤1 mm root numbers of young walnut tree ,very significantly higher than 75 of the topsoil for ridge .