木材用高速螺旋式玉米铣刀的变形分析与优化

Deformation Analysis and Optimization of Corn Milling Cutter Tool Used in High- speed Machining of Wood

刀具在加工过程中的变形和振动直接关系到加工精度,是衡量刀具的重要性能指标。本文针对木材用高速螺旋式玉米铣刀,采用有限元分析的方法,对其进行了切削过程的变形分析和振动变形分析,根据分析结果所发现的不足,提出了将刀具体内壁加厚后成台阶状和将配重拉杆截断后加粗的优化方案。研究结果表明:优化后的刀具在加工中的变形由原来的2.2-3.7μm降低到1.8-2.5μm,降低了因刀具设计而导致的加工精度误差;刀具共振频率由262Hz左右增加到1000Hz以上,避免了低频激振;刀具拉杆的共振变形由原来的1.5-2.0m降低到0.22-0.24m,提高了刀具整体刚性。本文的分析与优化工作为木材用玉米铣刀的设计与样板试验提供了重要的技术数据。

The deformation and vibration of the cutter tool in the cutting process is directly related to the machining accuracy, which is an important standard of the tool performance. Therefore, models of finite element analysis were employed to calculate the deformation and the vibration deformation of a corn milling cutter tool used in wood machining. According to the calculated results, an optimization program, including the thickening and stepped wall in the cutter tool body and the cutting off and an enlarged diameter of the counterweight rod, was proposed. Shown as the results, the deformations of the optimized tool decrease from 2.2 - 3.7μm to 1.8 - 2.5μm which reduces the errors of the machining accuracy caused by the design of the cutter tool. The resonance frequency of the optimized cutter tool increases from 262Hz to more than 1000Hz which avoids the low - frequency excitation. The resonance deformations of the new counterweight rod reduces from 1.5 -1.9m to 0.22 -0.24m, improving the overall rigidity of the cutter tool. The analysis and optimization works shown in this paper provide important technical data for the design and trial - produce of the corn milling cutter tool.