稠油管道输送技术研究

Research on the Pipeline Technology of Heavy Crude Oil

高粘的稠油使得输送成为管道从业者的一个难题,尤其是发生凝管事故后的再启动问题。对稠油高粘的实质进行研究发现,决定稠油粘度的实质为原油体系中沥青质分子和非沥青质分子相互作用所形成的大分子胶束聚集体所致。国内外稠油输送方法有加热法、裂解降粘法、掺稀输送法、添加改性剂法、低粘液环输送法、微生物法、超声波法和超临界CO2输送法。各方法各具优缺点,没有一种方法适用于所有稠油,另外还需要考虑经济性问题。目前国内最常用的输送方法为加热法和掺稀法。在实际中,针对不同稠油要进行一定的技术分析和研究才能决定选择何种输送技术。

The pipeline transportation of heavy crude oil with high viscosity has become a difficult problem to operators of pipelines, especially restarting of the pipeline transportation after the pipeline congelation accident. Through research on properties of heavy crude, it＇s concluded that the high viscosity of heavy crude depends on macromolecule micelles aggregates formed by interaction between asphaltene molecules and non-asphaltene molecules in the system of crude oil. There are some pipeline processes at home and abroad, such as heating, pyrolytic decomposition, blending method, adding modifiers, ultrasonic method, microbiological process and supercritical CO2 transport method. Every method has its advantages and disadvantages, and none can fit all kinds of heavy crude oil. At present, heating and blending methods are the most common at home and abroad. In the practical condition, the most suitable process should be chosen based on analysis and research on the heavy crude oil.