我国近代社会转型路径的反思——以宪政和民主联结为视角

The Choice of the Way of the Late-Development Countries' Social Transformation:In the Perspective of Constitutionalism and Democracy Link

时下,宪政民主再次成为学界热议的焦点。民主从本意上讲就是人民的统治,宪政的本质是对权力进行限制,两者并非天然地结合在一起。英国通过对中世纪传承下来的宪政传统的创造性转化,使之与人民主权论相结合,实现了宪政和民主的联结,也构建了有秩序的现代政治文明;而中国近世,在理性主义的引导下,移植西方政治制度时无视英美宪政民主,推崇法国模式和纯粹的民主政治,结果将社会转型引向歧途。因此,在社会转型的今天,要警惕理性主义,一方面,我们应该认识到宪政和民主的联结是英国"自发演进"的结果;另一方面,由于在无"文化亲缘性"的国度进行制度移植具有失败的必然性,我们应重新审视我们的传统,从中发展出与宪政民主功能相同的制度。

Nowadays,Constitutional democracy become the focus of academic debation once again,Telling from the essence,democracy is the rule of people,constitutionalism is the rule to limit power.They are not naturally together.Through the creative transformation of constitutional tradition from Middle Ages,and combining it with the people＇s sovereignty theory,Britain realized the coupling of constitutionalism and democracy,and built the orderly modern political civilization.But the late-development country including China,in the guidance of rationalism,ignored Britain and the United States＇ constitutional democracy and only sew and promoted French model and the pure democracy when they transplanted western political systems,the result of this is leading the social transformation of these countries to wrong way.Therefore,in today＇s social transformation,we should remain vigilant against rationalism.on the one hand,we should realize that the links of constitutionalism and democracy in British is the result of＂self-evolution＂;On the other hand,because of the inevitability of institutional transplantation fail in a country of lacking＂cultural affinity＂,we should reconsider our tradition,and develop the system which have same function of constitutional democracy.