西方历史哲学研究主题的嬗变对于马克思哲学的当代启示

The Researchful Theme Conversion of Western Historical Philosophy and its Enlightenment to Marxism Philosophy

现代西方"实证史学"强调历史研究要尊重事实经验,且一切必须局限在主观经验的范围内,不能超验应用。而"材料史学"更是将史料的客观性、真实性强调到了非常不适当的地步,以至于提出材料就是一切的"无‘论’历史"的主张。与之相反,无论新康德主义者抑或新黑格尔主义者的史学主张,则将历史视作史家对史料的主观认知史、生命交感史、价值创造史、批判考察史、当代生成史和思想重演史,极大地凸显了历史哲学的主体性本质和思想性内涵,拓宽了历史思维的新生之域和多维视界。但由于其忽视了对历史本体及其实践基础的研究,导致了历史认识的"唯我"归宿和思想通病,又使史学方法及价值本身面临质疑,这对于马克思历史观研究极具理性启示。

＂The empirical historiography＂ in modern west emphasizes that historical research should respect the fact experience, and all must be limited in the subjective experience instead of the transcendental application, and ＂the material historiography＂ attaches importance to the materials＇ objectivity and truth to a higher degree. Con- versely, both the new Kantism and new Hegelism emphasize historian＇s subjectivity, take the research as the sub- jective eognitivism history, vital sympathetic history, value creation history, critical investigation history, contemporary creation history and the thought repeating history, which greatly highlighted the historical philosophy＇ s subjective essence and the ideological connotation, broaden the history thought with the multidimensional horizon. But because of its ignorance to the historical noumenon, it results the solipsistic history and makes history method and value face questioning, which has the rational enlightenment on our study of Marxism history conception.