一种非接触式结构面产状测量技术原理和数学处理方法

A Non-contact Measuring Technology Principle and Mathematical Method of Structural Plane Occurrence

针对传统机械式罗盘接触式测量的应用缺陷,基于激光或红外测距仪测距功能,提出了一种非接触式结构面产状测量方法,阐述了其测量技术原理和数学处理方法,提供了非接触式电子罗盘开发设想.以测距仪安置点为原点,以磁北方向为x轴正方向,建立右手空间笛卡尔直角坐标系;旋转测距仪使测量光束射至待测结构面的3个非共线点,分别记录每支测量光束的垂直旋转角、水平旋转角及测量距离;利用空间向量和几何投影关系定量描述待测结构面倾斜状态,计算出结构面的倾角、倾向和走向.新技术可以实现远距离或难以接触的结构面产状测量,可以有效避免矿物磁性对测量产生的误差,有力地推动了结构面产状测量技术向自动化、数字化方向发展.

In light of the application defects of traditional mechanical compass measuring structural plane by a contact type, the measurement methods of non-contact measuring structural plane occurrence is presented based on the ranging function of laser or infrared range finder. Its technology principle and mathematical treatment method are elaborated; and a tentative idea of non-contact electronic compass is provided. Putting the rangefinder settlements as origin, magnetic north as x-axis positive, the right hand space rectangular co- ordinate system is established. Rotating rangefinder to make the measuring beam emitted to three non-colline- ar points that belong to the structural plane to be measured; the vertical rotation angle, horizontal rotating angle and distance measurement of each measuring beam are recorded respectively. Using the space vector and geometric projection relations to describe the tilt state of the structural plane to be measured, the dip angle, did direction and strike of the structural plane are calculated. The new technology could measure structural plane which was remote or difficult to contact and effectively avoid the measurement error caused by the min- eral magnetic and strong promoted the measurement technology of structural plane occurrence to develop in the direction of automation and digitalization.