存在主义视域下的毛姆小说中人性恶的逃离

Flee the Evil of Human Nature in Maugham's Novels with Existential Theory

威廉·萨默塞特·毛姆是英国现代著名的小说家和剧作家。毛姆出生于法国巴黎,后来又到了德国海德堡大学读书。其自身的生活思想经历以及当时欧洲流行哲学思潮的影响,为毛姆往后的文学创作奠定了扎实的文学基础,并且也奠定了影响毛姆一生的生活哲学观。此外,毛姆还经历了两次世界大战的浩劫,整个西方世界弥漫着凝重的迷茫感、陌生感、痛苦感、孤独感、荒诞感、悖谬感等。两次大战使得毛姆开始质疑西方近代文明,因此,在毛姆大量的文学作品中,淋漓尽致地渗透着毛姆对西方近代文明的逃离思想。本文运用存在主义的哲学思想,结合毛姆的长、短篇小说作品进行系统归纳及深入分析,以便深刻理解毛姆思想中对人性恶的逃离意识。

William Somerest Maugham is a modem well -known British novelist and playwright. Maugham was born in Paris, and studied in the University of Heidelberg in Germany later. Because of his own life experiences and the impact of popular philosophy in Europe at that time, it laid a solid foundation for Maugham subseque Maugham has expe nt literary style of writing and the impact of Maugham＇ s life philosophy. In addition, rienced two world wars, and the entire Western world was filled with confused sense, strangeness, painful sense, loneliness, absurd sense and paradox sense etc. The two world wars led Maugham started to question the modem western civilization. Therefore, a large number of literary works of Maugham were fully permeated with the escapism from modem western civilization. This thesis uses the philosophy of existentialism, combined of Maugham＇s long stories and short stories in - depth analysis in order to deeply understand the evil of human nature of Maugham.