株行距配置对木薯生物量和产量性状的影响

Effects of plant spacing and row spacing on biomass and yield traits of cassava

【目的】探索不同株行距配置对木薯生物量、产量性状的影响,为优化木薯栽培技术提供参考。【方法】选用华南8号木薯为材料,采用4种株行距配置方式：等株行距种植（A：0.8 m×0.8 m）、宽行窄株种植（B：1.0 m×0.6 m,）、宽窄行种植[C：（1.0＋0.6）m×0.8 m,D：（1.0＋0.8）m×0.6 m],于苗期、块根形成期、块根膨大期和块根成熟期测定木薯各器官组织的生物量及产量性状,并对各生育期指标与产量性状进行相关性分析。【结果】随着块根的成熟,不同处理对木薯茎叶和块根生物量、产量性状等影响较明显。其中,采用宽窄行[（1.0＋0.8）m×0.6m]种植的木薯叶绿素、生物量、鲜薯产量、淀粉含量和淀粉产量等明显高于其他处理,分别为2.43-3.03 mg/gFW、624.3-6222.0 g/株、49.35 t/ha、30.27%和15.90 t/ha。此外,鲜薯产量与木薯各生育时期的叶绿素含量、块根膨大期和块根成熟期的根鲜重及幼苗期、块根膨大期、块根成熟期的茎叶鲜重、块根膨大期和块根成熟期的总生物量成显著或极显著正相关。【结论】宽窄行种植[（1.0＋0.8）m×0.6m]是海南木薯栽培最佳的株行距配置模式。

【Objective】Effects of plant spacing and row spacing on biomass and yield characteristics of cassava were studied to provide references for optimization of cassava cultivation techniques. 【Method】Taking cassava variety SC8 as experiment material, field tests were carried out under 4 kinds of plant spacing and row spacing, viz., equal spacing of plant and row（treatment A： 0.8 m×0.8 m）, wide plant spacing with narrow row spacing（treatment B： 1.0 m×0.8 m） and wide-narrow plant spacing（treatment C：1.0 m ＋ 0.6 m of plant spacing with 0.8 m of row spacing, treatment D： 1.0 m ＋0.8 m of plant spacing with 0.6 m of row spacing）. The biomass of various organs and yield of cassava were detected at seedling stage, and formation stage, expansion stage and mature stage of cassava root-tuber. The correlation among different indices were also analyzed. 【Result】As the maturation of root tuber, different plant spacing and rows spacing treatments presented significant effects on biomass of leaf stem and root-tuber, and yield traits. Out of which, the chlorophyll content, biomass, fresh root-tuber yield, starch content and yield of treatment D was significantly higher than those of treatment A, B and C, the value were 2.43-3.03 mg/gFW, 624.3-6222.0 g/plant, 49.35 t/ha, 30.27%and 15.90 t/ha, respectively. Furthermore, the fresh root-tuber yield showed remarkably significant positive correlation or significantly positive correlation with leaf chlorophyll content at 4 stages, root fresh weight and total biomass at seedling stage, formation and expansion stage of root-tuber, and fresh weight of stem and leaf at expansion and mature stage of root-tuber. 【Conclusion】It included that wide-narrow plant spacing with（1.0＋0.8） m×0.6 m was the best for cassava planting in Hainan province.